City Planning Review（2022.11）

♦ AN EXPLORATION ON TERRITORIAL PLANNING OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS UNDER THE NEW REGIONAL STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY ON THE TERRITORIAL PLANNING OF CHENGDU-CHONGQING TWIN CITY ECONOMIC CIRCLE

Author：ZHANG Shenghai; L Xiaobei; XIE Ya; ZHAO Qian; ZHANG Li

ABSTRACT: The present time is a key period for both the optimization of regional economic structure and the establishment of territorial planning system. The territorial planning of urban agglomerations is not only an important part of the territorial planning system but also an important means to promote the modernization of regional governance. This paper reviews the evolution of development planning and spatial planning in regional governance based on the previous regional plans of Chengdu-Chongqing area. Taking the reform of current national planning system into consideration, the paper analyzes the positioning and value orientation of regional territorial planning of urban agglomerations in the spatial planning system, and proposes that territorial planning of urban agglomerations should take spatial optimization to promote coordinated regional development as its value orientation, and focuses on both strategic importance and coordination, so as to be not only restrictive but also effective. Taking the territorial planning of Chengdu-Chongqing Twin City Economic Circle for example, this paper attaches importance to building regional consensus, paying attention to key areas, and promoting joint actions, and explains how to compile transmissive, enforceable, and effective planning from the perspectives of spatial pattern, planning layout, project, and spatial policy. In the end, the paper points out that regional territorial planning is still in the beginning stage, and that it is necessary to further strengthen “spatial technology” so that the regional territorial planning can develop from controlled planning to coordinated and guiding planning, and from spatial resource allocation to action guidance.

KEYWORDS: territorial planning; urban agglomeration; Chengdu-Chongqing Twin City Economic Circle; regional governance

♦ LAND DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS AS A PUBLIC POLICY: THOUGHTS ON ESTABLISHING A UNIFIED CONSTRUCTION LAND MARKET IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

Author：HE Mingjun

ABSTRACT: The CPC Central Committee has put forward the reform proposition of establishing a unified construction land market forurban and rural areas in the Decision About Comprehensively Deepening the Reform on Some Major Issues. However, as its core issue, the equal market entry of collective construction land has always been a controversial topic in the academic community. The equal market entry of collective construction land is not a simple problem of one-to-one comparison, but a result of institutional design about land use based on social equity in the establishment of territorial planning system. The paper argues that the establishment of a unified construction land market in urban and rural areas should be based on the constitutional order, adhere to the state-owned system of land development right, improve the distribution and redistribution system of land value-added income, and establish the transition mechanism from rural to urban construction land. This is the process of further improving the land ownership rights system after 40 years of reform and opening-up in China. Only by taking the land development right as a public policy to achieve social equity in the territorial planning system, can the equal market entry of collective construction land be promoted in a fairer, simpler, and more operable way.

KEYWORDS: territorial planning; public policy; collective construction land; land development right; social equity

♦ RURAL SPATIAL PLANNING METHODS IN THE TERRITORIAL PLANNING: FROM AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE OF PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE

Author：FENG Xu; WANG Kai; MAO Qizhi; PAN Chuanyang

ABSTRACT: In line with the rural blueprint of “promoting agricultural production capacity, cultivating diversified functions, and improving the quality of eco-environment and human settlements”, and through a review on the evolution process of rural planning and the institutional requirements of spatial planning, this paper establishes a rural spatial transmission system, and specifies that the core system of rural spatial planning and governance is composed of three levels: county, town, and village. The administrative agency at the county level puts forward the “basic plan”, providing spatial control and regional development zoning that reflect the development goals of the government. The administrative agency at the village level proposes the “utilization plan” with specific use categories, which reflects the villagers’ wishes for the use of their production and living space. The administrative agency at the town level, as a key level coordinating governance objectives and grassroots demands, is responsible for formulating an implementation-oriented master plan after refining the basic plan and integrating the utilization plan on the basis of analyzing the utilization value of spatial resources, and then adjusting the utilization plan accordingly to form the detailed plan of the village. The above process and technical methods provide an effective solution to addressing the technical problem between the complexity of rural space and the exclusivity of planning land, as well as building a collaborative governance mechanism between the government and villagers.

KEYWORDS: rural blueprint; rural spatial planning; rural spatial transmission system; complexity of rural space; graded rural governance; villager participation

♦CONNOTATION ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY FRAMEWORK OF CHILD-FRIENDLY STREETS: BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF CHINESE CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY

Author：WU Zhaofan; LEI Huixia

ABSTRACT: The construction of child-friendly cities is officially written into the national Fourteenth Five-Year Plan, providing a good policy environment for all cities to place children’s rights in the urban space and integrate the concept of “child friendly” into the construction of people’s city. Among them, street space, as an important space for the construction of child-friendly cities, is currently faced with the cognitive deviation of basic ideas and the lack of basic theoretical research. Accordingly, this paper first integrates the concept of childhood friendliness into the concept of people’s city, so as to form the “Chinese child-friendly city concept” to guide the planning and construction of child-friendly streets. Then from the perspective of epistemology, the paper deepens the connotation of child-friendly streets from the spatial “friendliness” to the dynamic “friendship,” analyzes the mutual friendly relationship between children and the street, and further clarifies the basic concept. Finally, it proposes a “strategy framework” and “planning tool” for planning and building child-friendly streets. It is expected to be an ideological and knowledge basis to further guide the planning for Chinese child-friendly streets.

KEYWORDS: an ideal of Chinese child-friendly city; child-childhood-human full-scale free development; child-friendly street; childhood friendliness; place friendship; knowledge base; planning strategies

♦RESEARCH ON SUPPLY-DEMAND MATCH OF OPEN SPACE IN HIGH-DENSITY BLOCK FROM A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE: TAKING GUANGZHOU ZHUJIANG NEW TOWN AS AN EXAMPLE

Author：JIANG Haiyan; LIANG Zhicheng; XIAO Xi; WU Lingling

ABSTRACT: Under the background of high mobility, high density, high intensity, and the stock-based development, open space system can accurately solve the problem of supply-demand mismatch at the community level by releasing the publicness of some attached green space. Among them, accurate supply and demand assessment and potential identification on a micro scale are the prerequisites for realizing configuration optimization. Taking the core area of Zhujiang New Town in Guangzhou as an example, the paper firstly uses a 3D-GIS accessibility analysis method based on establishing a three-dimensional model of the block and an open space database including urban parks, squares, attached green space at the ground floor of buildings, sky gardens, corridors, etc., and then calculates the degree of scarcity of public open space, adequacy of attached open space, complementarity of public and attached open space. It also compares the supply differences based on different types of open space and different heights of buildings in the block, identifies overflow areas, balanced areas, and insufficient areas of open space supply, thereby putting forwards the idea of joint publicization, sky space publicization, and in situ publicization based on the transfer of attached green space rate. This research can help release the publicness and vitality of the attached green space, increase the density of public open space in different types of high-density urban areas, build an open space system that combines horizontal and vertical dimensions, and promote urban space management ability precisely.

KEYWORDS: open space; 3D spatial analysis; supply-demand match; high-density block

♦A STUDY ON THE CONCEPT, ALGORITHM, AND PREFERENCE-ORIENTED VALUE REFINEMENT OF BUILD-TO-LINE RATE: TAKING TUSHAN ROAD IN JIANGNING, NANJING, AS AN EXAMPLE

Author：GAO Yuan; LIU Yelin

ABSTRACT: As an important indicator of street interface control, build-to-line rate is widely used in the planning practice, but various algorithms are a problem that couldn’t be ignored. Through tracing back its concept development, this paper defines its fundamental purpose of controlling the continuity of the street interface. The algorithm formula is applied at both plot and block levels, and relevant numerator and denominator are set according to common range, adjustment rule, and extreme values. Finally, based on the theoretical value, experiment and investigation for preference-oriented value refinement is carried out on Tushan road in Jiangning, Nanjing. It is proposed that at plot level, the recommended value for build-to-line rate is [70%, 100%] and [80%, 90%] when conditions permit, which can create a continuous physical street interface with small spatial changes within a single plot. As for block level, the recommended value is [50%, 70%], which considers the interface of the whole street across multiple plots to obtain a unity between the continuity of the physical interface and the natural activity of the imaginary interface.

KEYWORDS: build-to-line rate；street interface； algorithm；preference-oriented；plot level; block level

♦ RESEARCH ON ACTIVE PLANNING INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR HEALTHY CITIES

Author：YANG Chun; TAN Shaohua; LI Meimei; DONG Mingjuan

ABSTRACT：Guided by the global strategy of “healthy city”, establishing an overall research paradigm with “urban system health” and “human health” as the core has become the key issue of healthy city planning, and the active health intervention based on prevention and prediction has become an important new trend. Therefore, based on the intervention-constraint tools and resource allocation functions of urban planning, this paper focuses on the active intervention effects of urban spatial environment on public health, and puts forward a conceptual framework of active planning intervention for healthy cities. Planning guidelines are proposed from the aspects of health risk assessment and optimization, reasonable allocation of public health resources, and healthy lifestyle guides. To obtain the optimum benefits of urban spatial environment to the healthy city construction, the paper suggests that intervention in advance guided by appropriate avoidance and reasonable allocation can make planning strategies practical and feasible by taking the establishment of social organizations and participation of stakeholders into account, so as to improve the intervention effects of urban spatial environment on public health.

KEYWORDS: active health intervention; urban system health; human health; healthy city; planning strategies

♦ RESEARCH ON HEALTH RISKS TO THE ELDERLY IN RESIDENTIAL SPACES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BEHAVIORAL SAFETY: THEORETICAL METHODS, RISK FORMATION RULES, AND ASSESSMENT AND PREVENTION

Author：DONG Hexuan; XIE Qiyi

ABSTRACT: In the context of healthy aging, active health intervention is of great significance for the development of elderly-friendly residential spaces. Taking the public space in residential areas and its health risks to the elderly as the research object, and drawing on related theories such as environmental behavior and safety, this paper explores from the perspective of behavioral safety the theoretical methods for the research on health risks to the elderly in residential spaces: concepts, principles, and frameworks. Then, through typical sample survey and quantitative research on correlations, the paper analyzes the rules for the formation of health risks to the elderly in residential public spaces: risk source, correlation, and risk formation rule, based on which related assessment models and corresponding prevention and control strategies are proposed. This paper provides useful reference for the theoretical methods, scientific principles, and tools and strategies for the construction of healthy, safe and complete elderly-friendly residential areas in Chinese cities.

KEYWORDS: health risk to the elderly; residential public space; risk source; risk formation rule; assessment and prevention

♦ GLOBAL PRACTICES OF THE UNESCO HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE: TEN-YEAR REVIEW AND INSIGHTS FOR CHINESE URBAN HERITAGE PROTECTION

Author：LI Ji; JING Feng; SHAO Yong

ABSTRACT: It has been ten years since the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) was issued by UNESCO in 2011, which has been widely implemented in the world. From the aspects of capacity-building, policy integration, and systematic steps, global cases, including the Swahili Coast in East Africa, European historic cities, and WHITRAP pilot cities, are reviewed and comparatively analyzed to further understand the six steps and four tools of the HUL approach. The paper demonstrates that to better align with international standards, Chinese urban heritage protection and management need to further define the concept and approach of HUL and develop contextual methodologies of implementing the tools of planning and knowledge, community engagement, finance and the regulatory system. The results highlight the importance of the balanced integration between urban conservation and development, to promote sustainable development.

KEYWORDS: UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) ; urban heritage; global practices; China; review

♦ REGIONAL CONSERVATION OF RURAL HERITAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE: THINKING AND MODEL BUILDING

Author：KOU Huaiyun; YU Wenbin

ABSTRACT: In view of the limitations of single rural settlement conservation in resource allocation, value integrity, and influence, this paper aims to explore the regional conservation ideas and methods of rural heritage under the current national conservation policy and academic research trend of rural heritage conservation at the regional scale. Starting from the value cognition of rural heritage as a continuous cultural landscape, this paper establishes a regional conservation model that includes the integrity of value in spatial dimension and continuity of value in time dimension: the spatial dimension contains three scales, which are the cultural landscape region, the cultural landscape unit, and the dwelling area, corresponding to the ecological, agricultural, and living spaces respectively; in the time dimension, rural heritage is regarded as both the object of historic preservation and a resource for development towards the history and the present respectively. Taking the village group of Dong minorities of Zhaoxing in Qiandongnan Prefecture as an example, the paper also applies the model to the specific analysis and interpretation. The multiple scales of conservation aim to improve the operability of the model, and regarding rural heritage as both the conservation object and development resource at all levels is expected to make a breakthrough in the theoretical dilemma of conservation and development.

KEYWORDS: rural heritage; cultural landscape; regional conservation; rural settlement; Zhaoxing Dong village

♦INTERNAL LOGIC AND REALIZATION PATH OF RURAL REVITALIZATION AFTER POVERTY ALLEVIATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ECOLOGY: A CASE STUDY ON ETHNIC VILLAGES WITH CROSS-STAGE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHWESTERN YUNNAN

Author：QIAO Jing; GENG Hong; LI Yue; LI Yanqun

ABSTRACT: In the process of poverty alleviation, led by the large-scale intervention of multi-subject poverty alleviation and leap-forward development, the local spatial production logic has undergone a sudden change, which endowed the “nature-culture” community directly beyond the original ethnic villages in southwestern Yunnan with new forms and connotations. While greatly improving the level of development, it also contains the realistic dilemma of linking poverty alleviation with rural revitalization due to cultural and ecological changes. Based on the theory of cultural ecology, this paper analyzes the internal logic of the connection and transition between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Taking the ethnic villages in southwestern Yunnan as an example, it analyzes the existing problems, including the backwardness of revitalization goals, the unsustainability of revitalization modes, and the inadaptation of revitalization subjects. The path of rural revitalization is proposed in line with the temporal integrity, integrated spatial protection, and coordinated overall governance, providing reference for promoting the continuation and transcendence of ethnic settlement culture and facilitating the orderly transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization in southwestern Yunnan.

KEYWORDS: rural revitalization; poverty-alleviated villages; cultural ecology; ethnic villages with cross-stage development; southwestern Yunnan

♦ GREEN HUMAN SETTLEMENT CONSTRUCTION BASED ON WATER MANAGEMENT IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGES IN SEMI-ARID AREAS: TAKING LAOCHI IN GUANZHONG REGION AS AN EXAMPLE

Author：OU Yapeng; LI Xiaolong; SUN Jiayue

ABSTRACT: Water management is essential for building green and livable villages. In the Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province, China, especially the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau, which is prone to droughts and floods, the ancients paid great attention to building laochi (a traditional stormwater management pond) to manage water and thereby develop villages and economies. Considering the need to address the issue of declining traditional water management systems in Guanzhong villages and build green and livable countryside in the rural revitalization process, this research first clarifies the connotation and ideology of “water management” in traditional villages based on the review of historical and contemporary literature and field investigations. It then explores the formation and status quo of laochi, the crystallization of traditional water management wisdom. Finally, taking laochi as an example, it systematically studies the role of water management wisdom in terms of construction techniques, ecological water management, and sociocultural cultivation in the building of green and livable human settlements. The research expects to provide theoretical and empirical references for the building of green and livable rural-urban human settlements and the construction of ecological water management infrastructure.

KEYWORDS: traditional villages; water management wisdom; laochi; green human settlements; liveable countryside; semi-arid areas