City Planning Review（2022.6）

♦ ON PROFESSIONAL PROBLEMS OF MULTI-SCALE PROTECTION OF URBAN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN CHINA

Author: WANG Jianguo

ABSTRACT: Urban architectural heritage is composed of historical towns, historic districts, historic blocks, historic buildings, and existing buildings with adaptive reuse value in a broader sense. It usually has the characteristics of multi-scale continuity, complex and extensive ontology, and diverse environments. It is a common challenge and professional problem for all countries in the world to reveal the key scientific problems and internal mechanism of multi-scale protection of urban architectural heritage and to develop the overall protection theory and method. Based on the analysis of common scientific problems, this paper systematically discusses the basic principles of multi-scale protection of urban architectural heritage, scientific protection, and fine protection, scale effect, universality of urban architectural form growth, the possibility of combining imagination with scientific and technological progress, urban design, database presentation, etc. Relevant innovative ideas are proposed and verified by several heritage protection cases actually completed by the author’s team. The author argues that it is necessary to look objectively at real and live social and urban scenes that metabolize and evolve in an orderly fashion. Cities and towns are not works of art frozen in a single historical period and moment of highlight, but are like museums. In addition to the basic principles and methods of architectural heritage protection, the practical work and operation and maintenance management of multi-scale conservation can also make use of digital urban design and open interactive database results. In this way, it is possible to push the protection of Chinese historic cities, historic blocks, and historic buildings to a new height, and move towards a new era of multi-scale protection of urban architectural heritage relying on the guidance of healthy urban development, accurate transmission of historical and cultural information, and support of interdisciplinary science and technology.

KEYWORDS: urban architectural heritage; multi-scale protection; scale effect; imagination; urban design; database; China

♦ DEVELOPMENT PATH OF NEW URBANIZATION IN COUNTY-LEVEL UNITS UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING

Author: TAO Dekai; YANG Chen; L Qian; WANG Xiaojing

ABSTRACT: It has been a national strategy in China to promote the process of urbanization since the 10th Five-Year Plan, and China’s urbanization has accelerated during the period of the 12th Five- Year Plan. At present, the construction of new urbanization has become an important way to expand domestic demand, adjust the economic structure and the spatial structure of land use, and solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. Considering the background of the construction of territorial planning system, this study briefly outlines the logic of urbanization in planning context, and points out that the urbanization development of county-level units presents new characteristics such as policy impetus support and backflow demographic dividend in the new period. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the new urbanization at county level is becoming an important tool and carrier to narrow down the urban-urban-rural gap and to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate “multi-planning” thoughts and promote relevant studies based on undertaking the existing urbanization path model in counties, in order to provide new ideas for the path of new urbanization in county areas.

KEYWORDS: territorial planning; county-level units; urbanization; new urbanization; path

♦ SOURCE TRACING AND MISUNDERSTANDING ANALYSIS OF “COUPLING RESEARCH” IN URBAN PLANNING

Author: ZHANG Xuchen; ZHAO Min

ABSTRACT: “Coupling research” has been very common in the field of urban planning and related disciplines, but there are problems like unclear concepts and inappropriate methods. Based on a literature review, this paper first introduces the general situation of “coupling research”， reviews its rising process in urban and regional research as well as related articles, and examines the citation chain and literature distribution characteristics. Then, the paper analyzes the connotation of “coupling” as a scientific and technological terminology and the source of coupling degree calculation formula. In addition, it summarizes the general situation of “coupling research” in urban planning and distinguishes the cognitive misunderstanding in the source and technical misunderstanding in the application of “coupling research” from a hierarchical perspective. Finally, it proposes that we should accurately interpret the connotation of “coupling”， and clearly distinguish its two different meanings and applicable scenarios. Meanwhile, for research on the relationship between two or more systems in urban and regional studies, it is essential to develop targeted coupling models and calculation formulas on the basis of a clear explanation of the interaction phenomena and mechanisms of each system.

KEYWORDS: coupling research; source tracing; misunderstanding; city and region

♦ COMPACT CITY RESTRUCTURED BY TERRITORIAL PLANNING: DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN VILLAGES AND SPATIAL JUSTICE

Author: ZHU Jieming; GUO Xu; GUO Yan

ABSTRACT: Common prosperity is an important theme for the high-quality development of China in the 21st century. This paper explores spatial justice in the quality-oriented spatial restructuring, with the aim to facilitate the development based on social equality. In China’s rapidly urbanizing coastal regions, the autonomous village-based non-agricultural development has led to fragmented and low-efficient land development. Establishing a compact urban-rural spatial structure through planning intervention has been commonly accepted throughout China. However, spatial restructuring from fragmentation to concentration is concurrent with the redistribution of land rent entitlement among villages, and the （in）justice of distribution will finally affect the outcomes of spatial restructuring. It has been found that the market-driven and spontaneous land development by villages has led to market deviation from social equality which is shown as the village （urbanizing）- village （agricultural） difference in land rent entitlement. The blue print of compact development in the territorial planning inevitably exacerbates the village-village difference, forming planning deviation from social equality. The planning deviation together with market deviation impedes the implementation of compact city planning which is supposed to be supported by an adaptive mechanism of equally reallocating land rent entitlement: the level of governance over spatial restructuring should be scaled up from autonomous villages to the level of county/urban district; equal initial land rent entitlement among villages supported by a useful transaction institution at the district level is necessary for the planning implementation, which can entitle the villagers who will be integrated into the urban settlements to equal development rights and enhance their voluntary participation in the spatial restructuring.

KEYWORDS: spatial justice; land development rights; spatial restructuring; compact city; territorial planning

♦ RESEARCH ON THE MONITORING INDICATOR SYSTEM OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION AT CITY AND COUNTY LEVEL: A CASE STUDY OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE BASED ON THE LIFE CYCLE THEORY

Author: LI Mingyue; ZHOU Xiaohang; ZHOU Yilin

ABSTRACT：Establishing a scientific and reasonable indicator system is the core issue for monitoring the implementation of territorial planning at city and county level. From the perspectives of national policy documents, relevant planning of Guangdong Province, and regional differences in Guangdong Province, and based on the life cycle theory, this paper establishes an indicator system for monitoring the implementation of territorial planning at city and county level with characteristics of Guangdong Province. It includes four levels of implementation conditions, implementation process, implementation results, and implementation effects, to provide reference for dynamic monitoring, scientific evaluation, and timely early warning of territorial planning at city and county level in the future.

KEYWORDS：life cycle theory; territorial planning; indicator system; Guangdong Province

♦ RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN NANWANG DIVERSION HUB OF THE GRAND CANAL: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ECOLOGICAL WISDOM TRANSLATION

Author: XIAO Huabin; WANG Mengying; XU Yutong; WANG Yue; LIU Daliang

ABSTRACT：The “Planning Outline for the Protection, Inheritance, and Utilization of the Grand Canal Culture” requires the comprehensive protection of the culture and ecology of the Grand Canal at the time after application for World Heritage. The Nanwang Diversion Hub is a key project of the full line through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which contains the ecological wisdom of traditional water conservancy. This research integrates the ecological wisdom of “adaptability” and “symbiosis” with the constructive principles and constitution elements of green infrastructure construction, and proposes a way to construct regional green infrastructure based on morphological spatial pattern analysis （MSPA）。 The regional green infrastructure network pattern of “one core, one belt, six corridors, and multi-node” is constructed by identifying the regional ecological and heritage elements and potential ecological corridors of Nanwang Diversion Hub of the Grand Canal. On this basis, this paper puts forward the strategy of regional green infrastructure optimization under the guidance of ecological safety and heritage protection, in order to provide reference for the protection and inheritance of the Grand Canal in the time after application for World Heritage.

KEYWORDS：Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal; Nanwang Diversion Hub; green infrastructure; ecological wisdom; Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis （MSPA）

♦ SPATIAL PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PATH OF RURAL REVITALIZATION STRATEGY IN THE MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIVE AREA: A CASE STUDY ON TONGREN CITY, GUIZHOU PROVINCE

Author: FENG Xu; WANG Kai

ABSTRACT: On the basis of summarizing current theoretical research and practical achievements of the rural revitalization strategic planning, this paper, first of all, puts forward the system construction of the rural revitalization strategic planning and tasks at different levels based on its relationship with territorial planning. The main task of city-level planning is to formulate a spatial blueprint to guide the revitalization strategies and actions of different regions within the municipal administrative area, and to clarify the types of villages and classification criteria. Secondly, the paper explores the differentiated paths of rural revitalization in different regions of China, and suggests that cities in the southwestern region should take the prediction of urban-rural spatial pattern, agricultural production structure, and facility construction mode as the basis for revitalization, and regard regions with advantageous locations and resources as well as those with a higher risk of returning to poverty as the focus of implementation in the near future. In the end, taking Tongren City in Guizhou Province as an example, the paper expounds on the spatial planning methods for the rural revitalization strategy in the municipal administrative area, and discusses the selection of demonstration areas and the content of recent implementation.

KEYWORDS: rural revitalization strategic planning; territorial planning; zoned revitalization strategy; rural revitalization classification; southwestern region of China; municipal administrative area; Tongren City

♦ SUSTAINABLE PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION MODE OF RURAL REVITALIZATION: BASED ON THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CASES BETWEEN ZHEJIANG AND TAIWAN PROVINCES

Author: WAN Chengwei; SONG Daijun

ABSTRACT: Rural revitalization and rural planning and construction is an organic whole process, during which planning and construction plays a strategic leading and active role in rural revitalization. Based on this understanding, the study systematically proposes a structured logical analysis framework of “WHO-WHAT-HOW-OUTCOME” for planning and construction amidst rural revitalization, and makes a comparative study of two rural revitalization cases on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, i.e., Shatan Village in Zhejiang Province and Long’an Village in Taiwan Province from the perspective of historicism by using method of difference. The findings are as follows: （1） The Shatan Village in Zhejiang Province has formed the elite-led planning and construction model, being characterized as the pluralistic co-construction of external assistance, the gradual advancement of the trinity of material space, industrial economy, and social culture, and the linear vertical structure. （2） Long’an Village in Taiwan Province forms an interactive planning and construction mode characterized as endogenous cooperation and co-governance, simultaneous symbiosis of “human, culture, land, industry, and landscape,” and a flat network of internal and external interaction. （3） Both models have effectively promoted rural revitalization, and the core of sustainable rural planning and construction model is localization. In addition, the study draws three enlightenments of planning and construction based on rural revitalization. First, we should adopt a planning and construction model that integrates internal and external aspects through the leadership of the party and the government; second, we should take the education of “people” as the foundation and coordinate other development factors such as land, industry, and institutions; third, we should pay attention to both the results and process of planning and construction and practice localized planning accompanying the whole process.

KEYWORDS: rural revitalization; planning and construction mode; system and mechanism; localization; Long’an Village of Taiwan Province; Shatan Village of Zhejiang Province

♦ COLONIALISM AND MODERNIZATION: REVIEW ON THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN YAOUND? UNDER GERMAN AND FRENCH COLONIZATION （1888-1959）

Author: ZHAO Shengbo; WANG Xingping; XU Wenbo

ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the urban development process of Yaoundé in the German and French colonial periods from 1888 to 1959 on the basis of historical archives, hoping to understand the characteristics of African cities’ development in the colonial periods, explore the impact of colonialism on the urban development of Africa, and trace the historical roots of problems existing in African cities currently. During the German colonial period, the formation of a modern transportation system, growth of the town economy, and development of public utilities contributed to the transformation of Yaoundé from a jungle settlement to a modern town. In the French colonial period, the spatial scale of Yaoundé was expanded, its urban functions became diversified, and it was gradually transformed into a transportation hub and modern industrial and commercial city, with the spatial differentiation and separation becoming increasingly remarkable. By comparing the urban development of Yaoundé in the colonial periods of Germany and France, the paper argues that the urban development of Yaoundé in the colonial periods served for the colonialism and was influenced by the colonial policy. The differences in colonial policies between Germany and France led to the different urbanization characteristics of Yaoundé in the two periods, and the urban problems caused by colonialism were also the historical origin of Yaoundé’s current urban problems.

KEYWORDS: Africa; Germany; France; Colonialism; urban development

♦ RESILIENCE PLANNING OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE DELTA ESTUARY: A CASE STUDY OF HENGLI ISLAND, PEARL BAY

Author: DAI Wei；SUN Yimin

ABSTRACT：Flood control and drainage facilities are not only important spatial elements of delta estuaries, but also important tools to ensure the safety of the site. This paper studies the resilience planning of flood control and drainage infrastructure, and puts forward a planning method based on the “multi-layer model” by taking “planning idea, technical route, case study” as the logical main line, and Hengli Island, a national new area as the empirical case. This paper finds that the resilience planning method of flood control and drainage has the following features. （1） From the aspect of thinking level, the method emphasizes the systemic, collaborative, bottom-line, and forward thinking with more emphasis on the flooding mechanism, so that the development of future delta estuary is based on bottom line preservation, bearability, and human and ecological harmony. （2） From the aspect of preliminary planning analysis, the method strengthens the comprehensive cognition of geography, land use, and hydrogeology conditions, then evaluates the possible impacts of flood disaster on the site, and clarifies the disaster-causing mechanism of flood. （3） From the aspect of planning scheme of flood control and drainage infrastructure, it makes good apply of the spatial features，such as regionalism, network connectivity, diversity, multifunctionality, redundancy, and modularization. （4） In terms of planning content, it coordinates the planning of drainage, the planning of flood control, and the adjustment of sluice and pump system and water level, to improve the robustness and adaptability of flood control and drainage infrastructure.

KEYWORDS：resilience; flood control and drainage infrastructure; delta estuary; planning research