City Planning Review（2021.6）

♦ SELF-IMPROVEMENT

 Author: SHI Nan

♦ THE KEY TO BLOCK REFORM IN CHINA: SPATIAL SCALE AND HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM

Author: YANG Yuanchuan; ZHANG Yukun; ZHENG Jie; Vicente GUALLART

ABSTRACT: City block in China and Superilles （Superblock） in Barcelona, Spain are two reform directions that have been debated heatedly in recent years. Firstly, comparative research is carried out from three aspects: conceptual analysis, historical review, and planning methods. It is found that both reforms take sustainable urban life as the ultimate goal, and their strategies are not opposite but complementary. Secondly, through a further comparison on the evaluation systems of the two reforms, specifically through the three indicators of road network density, road health, and traffic efficiency, the paper explains how to reshape the life function of the street with a "people-oriented" approach. Finally, in view of differences and hierarchy that are easily overlooked in China's block reform, two key points are proposed: （1） the spatial scale of blocks should be designed in line with different needs, which should weaken the concepts such as absolute large or small, opening or closing, and sparse or dense; （2） a hierarchical system should be established in blocks according to the functional structure, which should avoid the formation of a homogeneous and fragmented urban structure. This paper predicts the direction of future planning from the perspective of technological development trends, which will provide new ideas for the reform of blocks and the construction of "future communities" in China.

KEYWORDS: city block; open community; superilles （superblock）； spatial scale; hierarchical system

♦ RESPONSE OF URBAN REGENERATION TO THE EVOLUTION OF URBAN GOVERNANCE: A PIONEERING EXPERIMENT OF SHENZHEN

Author: HUANG Weidong

ABSTRACT: Based on the urban economic and social development process of Shenzhen in the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, this paper interprets the overall logic of the exploration, formation, and development of Shenzhen's urban regeneration in the context of governance through reviewing the evolution of urban economic and social development at various stages of urban development as well as the changing process of the dynamic relationship between spatial demand and governance measures. Then, it summarizes the response mechanism of Shenzhen's urban regeneration system, policy, and planning technology to the needs of urban governance. Guided by the goal of building a demonstration pilot zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics, Shenzhen's urban regeneration needs to further adapt to the downward trend of governance focus, guide the whole society to form public awareness to jointly build a beautiful home-city, and promote modernization of urban governance capacity and system.

KEYWORDS: urban regeneration; inventory planning; urban governance; demonstration pilot zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics; Shenzhen

♦ DAILY PUBLIC LIFE IN URBAN PUBLIC SPACE: TAKING SHANGHAI YANGPU WEEKEND MARKET, XUHUI RIVERFRONT, AND HONGKOU CIVIC POST AS EXAMPLES

Author: YAO Cunzhuo

ABSTRACT: In the post-modernism city, the abstract discussion of the "publicity" of public life cannot adapt to people's living conditions any longer. We need to combine public life with daily life to form a complete understanding on the "publicity" of public life. By introducing the theory of daily life into the theory of public life, this paper develops a daily public life schema consisting of craftsman labor, daily public consumption, daily public communication, and daily politics. In addition to this, the age dimension of network society helps to form a relatively clear theoretical framework for research on contemporary daily public life, which has been empirically tested by selecting several urban public spaces in Shanghai in the paper.

KEYWORDS: public life; daily life; network society; daily public life; Shanghai

♦ PATH OF PLANNING FOR ORDINARY SENIOR-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES BASED ON TACTICS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SENIORS CONCENTRATION AREA IN THE CENTER OF CHANGSHA CITY, HUNAN PROVINCE （2014-2020）

Author: CHEN Xuan; YANG Jie; YANG Weifen

ABSTRACT: Active response to aging has become China's national strategy. However, the existing planning for senior care facilities based on digital indicators and pilot community evaluation can neither be widely applied to other communities nor respond to the needs of the younger seniors. Therefore, this paper conducts a survey on the current status of senior care facilities and the "aging in place" demands in 49 communities in the center of Changsha City, finding that the construction path of senior care facilities in pilot communities is hard to be applied in other communities in a short term due to differences in community resources and capacity. Despite all these differences, the similarity lies in the aging-in-place tactics that the seniors adopt through joining informal organizations and participating in space construction, which is of great reference significance for ordinary communities to become more senior-friendly. The paper concludes that the government should take into consideration both the characteristics of community and the dynamic role of the seniors. Specifically, spatial construction tactics should be incorporated into the community micro-governance to enhance spatial flexibility and thus to reduce difference in community resources; then ordinary communities should be evaluated from multiple dimensions, to avoid the limitations by using a single spatial index. The main contribution of this study is its exploration on how the practical experience of ordinary communities at low level and in poor condition can be adopted, to improve their suitability for seniors.

KEYWORDS: aging in place; tactics; ordinary community; seniors; resocialization

♦ UTILITY OF MUNICIPAL TERRITORIAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ITS FORMULATION: THE PERSPECTIVE OF SPATIAL GOVERNANCE Author: XIE Yingting; WU Yuxiang; WEI Lijun

ABSTRACT: As the formulation of the municipal territorial planning serves the goal of spatial governance, the technical logic of the planning formulation must be consistent with the administrative logic of spatial governance. Taking this as the theoretical framework, this paper firstly analyzes the utility characteristics of the municipal territorial planning from the perspective of the transmission of the spatial planning system and the demand for local spatial governance, and proposes the necessity of planning concept and paradigm transformation. Then, from the perspective of spatial governance, this paper elaborates on the planning strategy of municipal territorial planning, which mainly includes the innovation of the work program and mechanism, and planning of all key elements of the city in the whole process. Finally, this paper discusses the management and control methods, transmission mechanism, and platform support of the municipal territorial planning.

KEYWORDS: municipal territorial planning; spatial governance; planning formulation strategy; management and control strategy

♦ SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS FOCUSING ON KEY ISSUES OF URBAN COOLING: PILOT EXPLORATION ON "COOL CITIES" BY WORLD BANK AND GUANGZHOU 

Author: Guangzhou Pilot Project Group of Urban Cooling for China Sustainable Development

ABSTRACT: The global urbanization rate continuing growing after exceeding 50% and climate change have been the two major trends of urban development around the world. With the intensified gathering of urban population and development, the issues associated with excessive urban heat environment become more and more prominent, which pose complex and long-lasting impacts on cities. The solution to the issue is highly relevant to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals towards 2030 by the United Nations, and can serve as an important anchor for promoting concerted efforts for sustainable urban development. This paper summarizes the achievement of the first sustainable cooling pilot project by the World Bank in Guangzhou in 2020, and proposes the new model of sustainable urban transformation with a focus on "cool cities". With comprehensive targets focused on key problems, this paper will introduce the new mode for cities aiming at addressing climate changes and establishing pathways for carbon neutrality, to develop integrated solutions and systematic thinking and promote effective implementation, through international cooperation and knowledge sharing.

KEYWORDS: global warming; sustainable urban cooling; carbon neutrality; Guangzhou; cool cities

♦ A STUDY ON THE PLANNING PRACTICE OF CHINA'S OVERSEAS INDUSTRIAL PARKS ALONG THE BELT AND ROAD

Author: WANG Xingping; ZHAO Shengbo; ZHANG Xi

ABSTRACT: With the implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative", China's overseas industrial parks have been widely recognized by countries along the Belt and Road, and have become an important means to support the "Belt and Road Initiative", which have also provided opportunities for publicizing the planning technology of China's development zones in foreign countries. This paper systematically reviews the academic studies in related fields, analyzes the planning practice of China's overseas industrial parks, and summarizes the types and contents, technical standards, and formulation and management systems of the planning of China's overseas industrial parks based on an analysis of relevant statutory planning system framework and field investigations. In view of the evaluation and demands on planning and construction from the employees in the industrial parks, the paper also analyzes the main problems existing in the planning and construction of China's overseas industrial parks, and proposes strategic suggestions for the innovation of the planning systems as a support for the establishment of global planning technical systems of China's overseas industrial parks and as an exploration for the "going global" of China's urban and rural planning technology.

KEYWORDS: development zone; industrial park; planning; the Belt and Road

♦ RESEARCH ON INDUSTRIAL LAND SUPPLY AND GOVERNANCE GUIDED BY INNOVATION-DRIVEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF "PEOPLE-INDUSTRY-CITY"

Author: TANG Shuang; ZHANG Jingxiang; HE Heming; CHEN Jiangchang; WANG Yiran

ABSTRACT: Innovation is the core driving force of the new round of urban development, and the supply and governance of industrial land is an important content related to the success of urban innovative development. New industrial populations and industrial types have created new demands for urban space, stimulated the iterative upgrade of urban space, and also put forward new requirements for land resource supply, planning, and management, making the current industrial land supply system unable to respond to the demands of an innovation-driven economy. Facing the new logical relationship between economic patterns and urban space, exploring the land supply-side reform that adapts to an innovation-driven economy has become an important intervention method for local governments to promote the innovation-driven development of cities. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of "people-industry-city" guided by innovation-driven economic development, this paper focuses on industrial land supply and governance strategies adapted to the innovation-driven economy, summarizes the practical experiences of typical cities, and then puts forward policy recommendations for the whole process of land supply, with the hope of providing references for the supply and management of urban industrial land under the background of innovation-driven development.

KEYWORDS: innovation-driven economy; industrial land; land supply; land management; spatial governance

♦ A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL-SPATIAL LOGIC OF CHANG'AN CITY OF THE SUI AND TANG DYNASTIES

Author: DONG Wei

ABSTRACT: There have been a large number of studies on Chang'an City of the Sui and Tang dynasties in the past decades. On the basis of previous studies, this paper tries to reconsider the historical environment of Chang'an, and analyzes the spatial logic in the formation and development of this ancient capital city. Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, several original capital towns had already been built in Guanzhong region （i.e., the central Shaanxi plain）， including Fengjing and Haojing of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yueyang and Xianyang of the Qin Dynasty, Chang'an of the Western Han Dynasty, etc. The coverage of these capital towns, their affiliated palaces, and mausoleums reached over 4000 square kilometers, forming a huge and long-term urban-rural spatial environment in the core area of Guanzhong region. Such a spatial environment reflects the continuous "construction-abandonment-reconstruction" process of capital town building in Guanzhong region for about 2000 years from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang dynasties （1046 BC-907AD）， and demonstrates the urbanized areas that were gradually developed from the west to the east in Guanzhong region by the people of these three periods respectively. The construction and abandonment of these cities progressed with historical changes and eventually converged on today's Guanzhong region. Among them, the overlapping and juxtaposition of capital towns of the Qin & Han and Sui & Tang dynasties is obvious, forming a typical spatial pattern, which has had a far-reaching influence on the planning and construction of capital cities of the later dynasties.

KEYWORDS: Chang'an of the Sui and Tang dynasties; historical environment; urban planning history and theory

♦ RESEARCH ON THE PATTERN OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS OF BORDER CITIES IN THE HAN DYNASTY AND ITS PLANNING AND DESIGN METHODS: A CASE STUDY OF PINGCHENG COUNTY OF THE HAN DYNASTY

Author: GAO Yuan

ABSTRACT: The study of the history of urban planning in ancient China is based on the capital city, while little attention is paid to local cities. When the unified Chinese state was established in the Qin and Han dynasties, the system of prefectures and counties was implemented, the local cities were raised, the military frontier defense led to the construction of human settlements in the border areas, and the planning and design methods and principles were proposed for the construction of the border counties. The study on the planning methods for the border counties in the Han Dynasty is of typical significance.This paper takes Pingcheng County in the Han Dynasty as the research object, and carries out comprehensive systematic research from the perspective of urban and rural planning. On the basis of multidisciplinary studies such as history, philology, and archaeology, it combines literature and archaeology to test the key points of human settlements, resident pattern, and its characteristics, hence refining planning and design methods. This has important academic and practical significance for enriching the theory and method of local urban planning in the history of ancient planning, and promoting the research on the restoration and planning of Pingcheng as the capital city in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

KEYWORDS: border city of the Han Dynasty; Pingcheng County; Pingcheng Capital in the Northern Wei Dynasty; planning and design method; planning history

♦ ASSESSMENT ON THE NEEDS FOR POST-DISASTER RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION UNDER THE GOAL OF "BUILDING BACK BETTER": TAKING CHANGNING MS 6.0 EARTHQUAKE AS AN EXAMPLE

Author: SHI Manjiang; NING Zhizhong; CAO Qi

ABSTRACT: It is an effective measure to improve the satisfaction degree of reconstruction to carry out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction based on the needs of the people. However, whether the people's needs achieving the goal of "Building Back Better" is still in lack of practical verification. Taking the Ms 6.0 earthquake in Changning of Sichuan Province as an example, and combining the perspective of "Building Back Better" with the post-disaster needs assessment, this paper first establishes the need index system of recovery and reconstruction, and then analyzes the characteristics of people's needs and the response degree to "Building Back Better" through field investigation. The results show that people's needs focus on the recovery of daily life and work after the disaster, but they ignore the long-term community reconstruction, risk reduction, and resilience improvement; the differences of occupation, family, and community type also lead to the heterogeneity of people's needs for recovery and reconstruction in the time and space. To sum up, it is difficult to achieve the goal of "Building Back Better" in terms of contents, space, and sequence. In view of this, this paper puts forward the optimization strategy for recovery and reconstruction, which is to establish a dynamic demand assessment mechanism and a diversified objective system.

KEYWORDS: Building Back Better; post-disaster recovery and reconstruction; post-disaster needs assessment; optimization strategy; Changning Ms 6.0 Earthquake

♦ RETROSPECT AND REFLECTION ON MODERN URBAN DESIGN IN CHINA: INTERVIEW WITH GUO ENZHANG

Author: YANG Junyan; XU Suning; QIN Shiwen; ZHANG Fangyuan