City Planning Review（2020.12）

♦ Support

Author: SHI Nan

♦ TRENDS AND PLANNING CHOICES AFTER CHINA’S URBANIZATION RATE REACHING ABOVE 60%

Author: WANG Kai; LIN Chenhui; WU Chengyue

ABSTRACT: With the urbanization rate reaching above 60%, China has entered the mid-late stage of urbanization, which is a brand-new period in which economic, social, cultural, and spatial structures have seen great changes. Thus, development characteristics and influencing factors of urbanization need to be re-examined. In recent years, new characteristics can be seen, including that the growth rate of urbanization has slowed down, population mobility has become more localized, population structure has changed, and demands have become diversified. In the future, the demand for diverse services and economic structures, the urgency in guaranteeing human resources, the two-way integration between urban and rural areas, and the urgency in urban stock space regeneration will become the main factors that influence the development of urbanization in China. On such a basis, this paper gives consideration to three scenarios in which the possible urbanization rates are high, medium, and low respectively, and predicts the spatial pattern of the urbanization. In the meantime, the paper points out that planning theories and methods at this stage are facing major challenges, and that the adjustment of territorial and spatial structure guided by ecological civilization, the construction of people-centered human settlements, and the modernization of urban governance should be taken as the focus of the future planning work.

KEYWORDS: urbanization; urbanization level; spatial pattern; the era of stock-based development

♦ PATH CHOICE FOR CHINA’S INSTITUTIONAL REFORM OF PLANNING MANAGEMENT AND MODERNIZATION OF SPATIAL GOVERNANCE

Author: SU Dong; LIU Jian

ABSTRACT: In recent years, with the profound changes of “promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity”, the restructuring of the state administration has become an important measure and step. In the field of planning management, the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources plays a crucial role in the institutional reform over the years. This paper discusses the reform of planning management from the perspective of the discipline of public management and urban planning, and tries to understand the internal logic between “institutional reform” and “governance modernization”. It demonstrates the interweaving and transforming process between the restructuring of planning agencies and national governance, discussing whether the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources has responded to the path selection of governance modernization. This paper makes a diachronic analysis of 13 national institutional reforms since the founding of People’s Republic of China, especially the adjustment process of planning and management institutions. It constructs an “institution-governance” analysis framework with the three elements of organization, function, and management as the core, the institutional advantages and governance effectiveness as the entry and exit, and analyzes the parallel transitions and necessary undertaking mechanisms of planning agency and spatial governance logic, in order to provide a reference for promoting the establishment of a new pattern of spatial governance.

KEYWORDS: planning management; institutional reform; state governance; territorial and spatial planning system

♦ IMPACTS OF MARKETIZATION OF COLLECTIVE-OWNED PROFIT-ORIENTED CONSTRUCTION LAND ON TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL EVOLUTION

Author: GENG Huizhi; SHEN Jie; LIU Shouying; WU Yuzhe; SHEN Chi; GUI Hua; WANG Mingtian; PENG Zhenwei; LI Jingsheng; ZHANG Li; CHEN Chen; CHEN Lin

♦ ACTIVE INTERVENTION OF COMMUNITY’S WALKING ENVIRONMENT IN HEALTH: A PERSPECTIVE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Author: TAN Shaohua; GAO Yinbao; LI Lifeng; ZHANG Yang

ABSTRACT: Chronic diseases caused by lack of exercises are increasingly prevalent in a fast-paced and high-intensity modern lifestyle. Increasing the number of exercises is an important way to effectively prevent chronic diseases. From the perspective of physical activity, this paper explains the internal logic of active intervention of community’s walking environment in human health: by increasing residents’ daily exercises, walking environment can be used to guide and control their daily physical activities and thus to improve their immunity. Taking Qixinggang Subdistrict, Yuzhong District, Chongqing City as an example, the paper conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the spatial performance of the intervention of community’s walking environment in human health by measuring the walking environment intervention degree (including walking environment intensity and walking environment breadth). The research shows that: (1) the community’s walking environment intervention degree can effectively show the intervention effects of walking environment in human physical activities; (2) in communities with dense road networks, convenient public transportation, complete service facilities, and a high environmental quality, the walking environment has a high degree of intervention in physical activities, which can help improve human health. Exploring the community’s walking environment that can promote residents’ daily physical activities, to a certain extent, can provide a basis for improving human health from the perspective of spatial construction. This paper attempts to translate the intervention in physical activities into space, so as to provide a quantifiable perspective for the discipline of urban and rural planning to participate in human health studies. Meanwhile, it also hopes to provide a basis for human health intervention and construction of healthy communities in multiple ways.

KEYWORDS: built environment; human health; spatial intervention; physical activity; pedestrian-friendly environment

♦ STUDY ON THE LOW UTILIZATION FREQUENCY OF BARRIER-FREE FACILITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: WITH NANJING CITY AS AN EXAMPLE

Author: XIA Jing; CHEN Hongsheng; WANG Xingping

ABSTRACT: China lags behind Western developed countries in the construction of barrier-free facilities in the past forty years. To improve the spatial layout and enhance the utilization of barrier-free facilities is of great importance to achieve social justice and equality during spatial planning and people-centered development. Based on above, this paper analyzes the utilization frequency of barrier-free facilities from perspectives of individual factor, socio-economic factor, daily travel behavior factor, and built environment factor, by using logistic regression model. In addition, combining the in-depth interview and field trip, this paper analyzes the factors influencing to the utilization of barrier-free facilities. The results show that the physiological factor has no significant influence on the utilization frequency; the socio-economic factor and daily travel behavior factor have some influence on the utilization frequency; and the built environment significantly affects the utilization frequency. Therefore, it is suggested to transform the goal from “completion degree” to “availability” to achieve a barrier-free environment.

KEYWORDS: barrier-free facilities; people with disabilities; utilization frequency of barrier-free facilities; built environment; Nanjing

♦ GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK PLANNING IN URBAN FRINGE: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ENSURING PUBLIC GOODS OUTPUT

Author: XING Zhong; TANG Xizi; ZHOU Qian; GU Yuanyuan; CHEN Zilong

ABSTRACT: The tree belt, wetland, river, and small-scale fragmented forested and agricultural space in farmland, wasteland, and village settlements constitute a green infrastructure network in urban fringe, which has two basic service functions: natural ecological conservation and public service provision in both urban and rural areas. However, the ecological stress from the large-scale agricultural production in suburban areas, improper tourism development, and urban pollution transfer endangers the total output and quality of public goods of the green infrastructure network. From the perspective of ensuring public goods output, the article discusses multi-functional green infrastructure planning strategies and key taches that are rooted in the regional landscape pattern. They include: first, evaluating the landscape network and its public goods output and formulating a multi-functional network planning objective; second, identifying the land which has potential to produce public goods and the spatial pattern related to natural ecological process, and analyzing planning paths responding to natural ecosystem and urban function demands; third, developing a blue-green spatial layout framework consisting of three superimposed networks and then evaluating the planning performance of public goods output.

KEYWORDS: urban fringe; green infrastructure network; public goods output; regional landscape pattern; multi-functional network planning

♦ BALANCING ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LARGE CITIES: A STUDY OF THE NON-URBAN CONSTRUCTION LAND PLANNING OF CHENGDU

Author: JIANG Rong; YAN Xiang; LI Fanping; LIU Yazhou

ABSTRACT: Non-urban construction land planning is an important policy instrument to control urban sprawl and improve the urban environment. During 2002—2012, Chengdu has made and implemented four versions of non-urban construction land planning. Responding to the conflicts between ecological protection and economic development, Chengdu has adopted a set of methods to manage the non-urban construction area, including controlling the total area of ecological land, reducing the area of construction land, optimizing spatial form and function, and finally legislating the planning requirements. The experiences of Chengdu indicate that non-urban construction land planning should respond to economic development to a certain degree rather than only emphasize ecological protection. The effect of the non-urban construction land planning as a public policy tool in social and economic regulation should be strengthened in the future

KEYWORDS: non-urban construction land planning; ecological protection; city disease; planning legislation; Chengdu

♦ DECLINING VILLAGES IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA: DEMAND WILLINGNESS CHARACTERISTICS, PROBLEMS, AND TRENDS OF PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES AND PLANNING RESPONSES

Author: WAN Chengwei; YANG Guiqing

ABSTRACT: In the process of rapid urbanization, villages in mountainous area are generally declining and showing the characteristics of “shrinking and merging” in spatial reconstruction pattern, which not only brings great challenges to their own production and life, but also brings great difficulties to the planning and configuration of public service facilities, and has become an important factor affecting the rural revitalization strategy. Based on the practice and investigation of rural revitalization planning and construction in Yutou Township, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, this paper analyzes the characteristics of villagers’ gender, age, income, education, location and their influence on the satisfaction and demand willingness of different types of public service facilities. It is found that the mountainous rural space is featured by heterogeneity, which leads to the different heterogeneity of population and social structure, and brings many challenges to the equalization of public service facilities in aspects of time, space, and demand, which has become the pain point and difficulty of planning and configuration. Therefore, this paper puts forward a targeted planning framework and countermeasures of “content configuration–spatial layout–development timing”.

KEYWORDS: villages in mountainous area; public service facilities; people-centered; heterogeneity; targeted planning

♦ SPATIAL STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE

Author: WANG Yi

ABSTRACT: Huizhou ancient village has a unique structure. From the perspective of crime prevention and with Huizhou ancient village and new rural residential areas and urban residential areas in southern Anhui Province as examples, this article summarizes the main characteristics of the spatial structure of Huizhou ancient village based on space order, traffic organization, and architectural layout using the quantitative analysis of space syntax, as well as the theories of criminology, architecture, and so on.

KEYWORDS: Huizhou ancient village; space order; traffic organization; architectural layout; characteristics of structure

♦ INFORMAL SERVICES AND ITS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE SUBURBS OF SHANGHAI

Author: ZHOU Jianbin; LI Jingsheng

ABSTRACT: Due to population flow, industry restructuring, and social transformation, a transitional phenomenon characterized with informal services was produced in the suburbs of Shanghai. In this paper, supported by the case analysis of informal services in production, life and social fields, it addresses the mechanisms of informal services, including its concept, features, causes, spatial distribution, and their relationship with quasi-urbanization in the suburbs of Shanghai. This paper provides future reference for planning policy and guiding measures.

KEYWORDS: Shanghai; suburb; informal services; space

♦ LANDSCAPE AND VIEW: SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND CONSTRUCTION WAYS OF VIEW SYSTEM IN CITY

Author: YANG Junyan; SUN Xin; PAN Yiwei; XIA Geyang

ABSTRACT: The modern city landscape needs not only beautiful physical space forms, but also appropriate viewing places, so as to form good interaction between “landscape” and “view” in city, as well as a viewing system in city. With the fundamental visual and spatial elements in landscape view as the breakthrough points, this paper studies the visual mechanism features of people’s appreciation to landscape and the requirements of scenic view point layout, explains the circle and layers division of urban landscape resources, the spatial choices of city overlook points, and the appraisal and analysis of city overlook points, from the perspective of interaction between landscape and view, before elaborating the spatial composition of the view system of a city. On this basis, with examples of the above conclusions, the paper tries to explore a more comprehensive perspective to the study of the city form.

KEYWORDS: urban landscape; view point; view system; urban design