City Planning Review（2019.7）

♦  Value

Author:SHI Nan

♦  REFLECTIONS ON THE GREEN DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE CITIES

Author:WANG Guangtao

♦  DISCUSSIONS ON THE METHODS OF “THREE ZONES AND THREE LINES” IMPLEMENTATION AT THE SPATIAL LEVELS OF CITY AND COUNTY BASED ON “DOUBLE EVALUATIONS”

Author:WEI Xuhong; KAI Xin; WANG Ying; YU Haiwen

ABSTRACT: According to the requirements of spatial planning, the evaluations of both the ecological environment bearing capacity and spatial development suitability （hereafter referred to as “double evaluations”） are important foundations for the formation of spatial layout and the “three zones and three lines” planning. In this context, the paper discusses how the “three zones and three lines” should respond to the “double evaluations” results at city and county levels before a discussion on refining “three zones and three lines” at city and county levels. Our research proposes that the “double evaluations” is a pre-judgment to the spatial planning, and the “three zones and three lines” planning needs to be based on a multi-perspective study considering local conditions and in combination with the regional general strategy, so as to achieve a scientific and rational result. Furthermore, the “double evaluations” should be verified by current control boundary and actual development conditions and follow the primary principles of “only adding not deducing the ecological protection red line”， “no change to the total amount of elementary farm land”， and “intensive use of urban area development boundary”， so as to ultimately clarify the “three zones and three lines” of national land and space. It is suggested that a coordinated management of national land and space should be realized through the functional zoning that covers the whole territory with “three zones and one network” and the rigid control line system composed of refined “three lines” in the “three lines and one addition”， in order to establish a spatial control system covering the whole territory and communicating from top to bottom.

KEYWORDS: double evaluations; spatial planning at city and county levels; three zones and three lines; functional zoning; rigid control line system

♦  REFORM OF TRANSPORT PLANNING TO ADAPT TO THE NEW SPATIAL PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF XIAMEN

Author:HUANG Kaidi; XU Wangtu

ABSTRACT: The introduction of “multi-plan integration” and the new spatial planning system fully reflects the transformation of the planning management system and the planning governance thoughts. In this context, it is necessary to reform the transport planning as part of the new spatial planning system. This paper introduces the proposal process and meaning of the spatial planning system and analyzes the necessity of transport planning reform in the new spatial planning system after studying the position and role of transport planning in the current planning system and its relationship with other urban and rural plans. Then the paper proposes the key points of transport planning reform: firstly, the reform should make clear the main contradictions faced by transport planning, the role of transport planning, and the functional relationship between the transport department and other urban and rural planning departments. Secondly, it should determine the way of transport planning reform to adapt to the spatial planning system. That is, transport planning should not only coordinate with the planning thoughts, the hierarchical control, and the “three zones and three lines” defined by the spatial planning system from the perspective of management, but also meet the strategic needs of “developing the country through transportation” in the new era. In the end, taking Xiamen as an example, the paper introduces the exploration of Xiamen on establishing a spatial planning blueprint, and analyzes the adaptability of Xiamen’s transport planning to the spatial planning of the whole territory, in hope of providing reference for the planning of transport system in the new spatial planning system.

KEYWORDS: spatial planning system; transport planning; developing the country through transportation; three zones and three lines; system adaptation; planning reform

♦  RESEARCH ON THE SOCIAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE CHANGES IN BEIJING DURING THE MODERN SOCIETY TRANSFORMATION: BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF POPULATION DATA IN 1917, 1935, AND 1946

Author:GU Meng; WU Xiao; QIANG Huanhuan; WANG Hui

ABSTRACT: Modern times, especially Republican Period, saw an important social transformation of our country’s history along with the transition of social spatial. Taking Beijing as a typical sample, according to the basic path of “single factor analysis - major factor analysis - cluster analysis” derived from the means of factorial ecological analysis, this paper not only quantitatively describes and analyzes the social spatial structure characteristics, but also longitudinally reveals its evolution in modern times in three cross-sectional time nodes. At last, combined with the specific and general characteristics in the social transition period and the ordinary process of human society, it enhances the summary to the common feature of spatial structure changes and influence mechanism of big cities during the modern society transformation.

KEYWORDS: modern society transformation; social spatial structure; changes; Beijing

♦  A STUDY ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF URBAN LAND LAYOUT UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF SPATIAL ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

Author:REN Xiaojuan; CHEN Xiaojian; MA Quan

ABSTRACT: Spatial performance is an important indicator for measuring whether urban land layout is reasonable or not. In the context that China’s urbanization is transforming from “quantity” to “quality” development, this paper puts forward the research method of spatial economic performance-oriented urban land layout optimization. In other words, on the basis of the quantitative study of spatial economic performance and coupling analysis on economic performance and spatial performance, the paper finds the distribution of sample space and space needed to be improved. With that as the basis for building a new city space network of economic performance, it proposes the optimization scheme for urban land layout under the constraints of local institutional and social environment. It then applies the method to study Guyuan City, Ningxia, and the results show that this method can achieve the quantitative research and spatial visualization, and provide a method for optimizing urban land layout.

KEYWORDS: urban land; spatial economic performance; coupling mechanism; interactive path; the optimization of layout

♦  GROWTH COALITION IN URBAN VILLAGE REDEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY ON SHANCHANG VILLAGE OF ZHUHAI CITY

Author:ZHANG Zhengtao; LIU Yong

ABSTRACT: Aiming at current issues of the coalition, organization, and mechanism of participants in urban village redevelopment, the paper points out that current local political structure is different between urban village redevelopment and urban renewal, and the framework of “growth coalition” cannot be directly applied to redevelopment of urban village. Firstly, the relationship of different stakeholders in the process of urban village redevelopment does not follow the rule of “growth coalition”， because the investment parties and the original villagers have built close relationship in sharp contrast with the coalition of government and developers during urban renewal. Secondly, for economic interests, the existing relationship of growth coalition and anti-growth coalition has been blurred and different participants prefer selective growth. Taking Shanchang Village of Zhuhai in Guangdong as an example, this paper confirms the above findings, and further complements and develops the existing theory of “growth coalition”。

KEYWORDS: growth coalition; urban renewal; urban village redevelopment; anti-growth; Shanchang Village of Zhuhai

♦  RESTRUCTURING AND EXPANSION: A STUDY ON SPACE PRODUCTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT ZONES IN TRANSITIONAL PERIOD

Author:DING Chengcheng; ZHANG Min; JIANG Xin; LIU Cairong

ABSTRACT: Aiming at the transformation and development of development zones, this paper puts forward two kinds of spatial production methods, that is, restructuring and expansion. The paper then analyzes the dynamic mechanism, path and spatial characteristics of different spatial production methods. The paper summarizes the internal logic of space production, which is the change of spatial production direction - space production mode, path differentiation - spatial characterization. The paper argues that the adjustment of China’s social and economic structure stimulates the shift of spatial production focus of development zone from production space to living space and consumption space. Due to the constraints of institutional costs, the specific spatial production methods and paths are differentiated, and spatial characteristics such as spatial composition heterogeneous, space-use intensification and spatial organization deflattening are formed.

KEYWORDS: restructuring; expansion; space production; development zone

♦  URBAN SPATIAL CHANGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NEO-MARXISM: A CASE STUDY OF WORKERS’ VILLAGE IN SHANGHAI

Author:XU Xiaofeng

ABSTRACT: Research on urban spatial evolution has direct implications for understanding urban development and promoting urban regeneration. Since workers’ village （Gongren Xincun） is a historical product in the context of urban social changes, its logic of spatial production and evolution is neither same with that of the courtyard houses of traditional Chinese society, nor similar with that of today’s commercial housing. Therefore, it is necessary to think about how to understand the underlying implicit of workers’ villages - a unique urban space today in the process of urban social change and how to study the impact of urban social changes on urban space. Using neo-Marxist’s theory of historical spatial dialectics to study this subject, this paper attempts to explore the development process of workers’ villages - a kind of urban space from the aspects of spatial significance, social practice and spatial practice.

KEYWORDS: urban social change; workers’ village; space; society; history

♦  PLANNING OF EIGHT KEY NEW INDUSTRIAL CITIES: THE FOUNDATION STONE OF URBAN PLANNING IN NEW CHINA

Author:LI Hao

ABSTRACT: On the basis of extensive relevant historical materials, this paper systematically researches the background, process, content and main technical characteristics of the planning of eight key new industrial cities in the early period of the First Five-Year Plan. The planning contents of eight key new industrial cities embody the scientific and technological characteristics of the initial stage of contemporary urban planning in China. Through the development of planning represented by eight key new industrial cities, on the one hand, it guarantees the smooth progress of large-scale industrialization construction of the country and lays a basic framework for the long-term sustainable development of eight cities; on the other hand, it also trains the first generation of urban planners, accumulates valuable urban planning experience, and explores planning theory and method under the special conditions of China. The method has played a foundational role in the urban planning development of new China.

KEYWORDS: history of urban planning; First Five-Year Plan period; 156 Projects; new industrial city planning; Soviet Union Planning Model

♦  EXPLORATION ON MODERN INDUSTRIALIZATION PROCESS OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA REGION

Author:YU Xiaolei; LIAO Ruxue

ABSTRACT: This paper explores the internal spatial organization characteristics, evolution tendency, and development pattern of Yangtze River Delta Region during industrialization process in modern time. In term of research method, the paper uses transmission of modern industrial heritage architectural elements as the angle to deconstruct the modern industrial architecture heritage in Yangtze River Delta Region through the method of cultural elements analysis. It studies the history of such elements and their evolution in industrial architecture of different cities in Yangtze River Delta Region, in order to provide a supporting proof for the development pattern of modern industry in city clusters in Yangtze River Delta Region. From the analysis, it can be seen that the development of modern industry in Yangtze River Delta Region drives the formation of a hierarchic radiation circle composed of Shanghai and Nanjing as the central cities, Wuxi, Nantong, Ningbo, etc., as secondary cities, and Jiaxing, Changzhou, etc., as tertiary cities. And the primary driving factors for the regional development include the original foundation of each city, the external involvement from other regions, the transport network, and the constructors.

KEYWORDS: city cluster in Yangtze River Delta Region; modern industrial heritage; transmission of architectural elements; regional industrialization

♦  EXPLORATORY REFORM OF REGULATORY DETAILED PLANNING TEACHING: A CASE STUDY OF FORM-BASED CODE OF RENMINNAN REGENERATION AREA IN GUANGZHOU

Author:QI Dongjin; LU Peijun; ZENG Tianran

ABSTRACT: This paper rethinks the challenges faced by regulatory detailed planning in an urban regeneration area, and analyses the confusion of traditional regulatory detailed planning teaching. It explores the reform of the regulatory detailed planning teaching based on the experience of the United States, Japan, and Singapore. Based on that, students are guided to formulate the “Form- Based Code of Renminnan Regeneration Area in Guangzhou”， which includes: adopting the readable form of code for developers to use; land development guidelines for implementation; form-based code based on local characteristics instead of traditional regulatory method based on functional zoning and indicator management. In the future, the implementation of the form-based code, a positive exploration of planning formulation and regulation in urban regeneration areas, needs to be combined with further reform and improvement of the planning system.

KEYWORDS: form-based code; urban regeneration; regulatory detailed planning; teaching reform

♦  LAND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN URBAN VILLAGES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES

Author:LAI Yani; GUI Yidan

ABSTRACT: As an important and unique spatial product of rapid urbanization in China, urban village has received extensive and constant scholarly attention from different disciplines. Land development is a key issue for understanding spatial characteristics and development mechanisms of urban villages. This study comprehensively reviews the existing literature on land development in urban villages, and analyzes and compares the features and methodologies adopted in local literature and foreign literature. The study identifies the main weak points in the existing literature and proposes several possible perspectives for future research. First, future research needs to develop more rigorous theoretical frameworks. Second, to gain a better understanding on the land development mechanisms of urban villages, more attention needs to be paid to the land development behaviors of village collectives. Third, to better describe and evaluate the spatial outcomes of urban villages, rich data and quantitative methods are needed.

KEYWORDS: urban village; land development; literature review; spatial characteristics ; development mechanism; Shenzhen