Predicament of the Anti-Commons

This expression is derived from the concept of “the tragedy of the anti-commons” which is proposed by Professor Michael Heller in his book The Gridlock Economy (2009). It particularly refers to the phenomenon triggered by the nail households during the process of urban renewal in some Chinese cities, such as those emerging in Guangdong’s practice of “three olds” since 2009, i.e., the renewal of old towns, old factories, and old villages.