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China City Planning Review (No.1, 2018)

2023/10/16

The Discipline of Urban and Rural Planning in China: History and Prospect 

Author:Sun Shiwen

Abstract:Based on a review on the social and cultural basis and the formation and evolution process of the urban-rural planning discipline in China, this paper summarizes the features of disciplinary development from the perspectives of development driving force, expression manner, knowledge characteristics and systemized development, etc. Then, aiming at the problems in the development of this discipline, the paper points out the direction for the future development. It emphasizes that, developing as an applied discipline, the urban-rural planning discipline should strengthen the production of its own disciplinary knowledge based on the comprehensive use of various relevant disciplinary knowledge, and proposes corresponding paths, means, and basic issues of knowledge production. The paper also points out that the output of the knowledge and achievements of China’s urban-rural planning discipline to other disciplines and other countries is an important foundation for the further development of this discipline.

Keywords:urban-rural planning discipline; discipline history; planning knowledge system; China


Development of Suburban New Towns in Shanghai: Jobs-Housing Spatial Relationship Analysis

Author:Niu Xinyi, Ding Liang, Song Xiaodong

Abstract:This paper identifies the employment and housing locations of residents in Shanghai based on mobile phone signaling data, so as to obtain the employment density and commuting data and analyze the development of nine suburban new towns from the perspective of jobs-housing spatial relationship. Firstly, the paper defines employment-intensive areas and gets the average employment density of each new town according to the employment density data. Then it marks out the scope of the employment influence through analyzing the sources of workers in each new town in accordance with the commuting data. Finally, it analyzes the jobs-housing balance of each new town using independence index, finding that suburban new towns in Shanghai have become main clusters of economic activities, while the scope of employment influence in each new town is still concentrated in its administrative area, with less attraction to residents in other areas. The independence index demonstrates a law that the suburban new town which is farther from the central city sees a higher degree of jobs-housing balance. Among them, new towns located in the outer suburbs with a low independence index indicate their special development situation, the reason of which is worth further study.

Keywords:suburban new towns; jobs-housing spatial relationship; mobile phone signaling data; Shanghai


Exploration of Approaches and Factors for Healthy City Planning

Author:Wang Lan, Liao Shuwen, Zhao Xiaojing

Abstract:Planning and design for healthy cities has drawn increasingly extensive attention. On the one hand, urban environmental issues have become prominent, especially air pollution caused by industrialization in developing countries; on the other hand, urban residents’ demand for physical and mental health calls for physical space to promote the quality of life. Based on theoretical and empirical researches, this paper explores significant environmental factors in healthy city planning and their correlation with public health in different approaches. The research discusses the correlations between planning factors and public health from four aspects including land use, spatial form, transportation modes, and green open space so as to reduce pollution and its impact on humans as well as how they encourage physical activity. It aims to provide basis for healthy city planning and its related studies.

Keywords:healthy city; research approach; planning factors


Planning for Health: Complexity of Environmental Health and Planning Responses

Author:Liu Zhengying, Yang Dongfeng

Abstract:China’s rapid urbanization has led to increasing environmental health problems, which poses great challenges to urban sustainable development. In order to explore the scientific issue of planning for health, this paper firstly analyzes the challenges of spatial planning caused by environmental complexity in terms of health risk, environmental impact, and residents’ behavior. And then it puts forward an analytic framework that includes three basic modules, i.e., theoretical model, regional health risk identification, and planning performance assessment, thereby finally proposing six spatial planning strategies according to the objectives of health protection, health promotion, and health equity, on the basis of the actual situation of health risk exposure, environmental friendliness, and the aging level in different cities of China.

Keywords:environmental health; complexity; spatial planning


Spatial Identities of Public Health Service Facilities in Metropolitan Suburban Communities: A Case Study of Shanghai Jinshan District

Author:Liu Bo, Shen Li, Lu Wei

Abstract:Both “Healthy China” and “Healthy Shanghai” programs require construction and development of community public health services. Taking Jinshan District in Shanghai as a case study, this paper evaluates the status quo of community health services from the “demand-supply” perspective, and finds a remarkable difference in the needs among different age groups, a big gap between urban and rural areas in the coverage degree of facilities, and different challenges for public service at the “prevention – treatment – health care” stages. It further puts forward several planning strategies involving ① specific service supply based on different age groups, ② “15-minute health service cycles” in both urban and rural communi-

ties, ③ adjustment of facilities to local conditions, and ④ promoting the quality of health services. Furthermore, it discusses in-depth issues underlying planning policies, such as the innovation of service content, the integration of different plans, and the cultivation of health service needs.

Keywords:full life cycle; suburb; community public health service facilities; spatial distribution


Planning for a Healthy City: The Influence of Built Environment on Elderly’s Body Mass Index

Author:Chen Chun, Chen Yong, Yu Li, Zhou Wei

Abstract:The influence of the built environment on human health has attracted increasing attention. Given that the elderly have been an integral part in China, the built environment not only influences their health, but also influences the life and work of their children, thus resulting in social problems. Based on questionnaire obtained data on the elderly people in Chongqing, an ordinal multi-categorical regression model is established to analyze the influence of built environment on the leisure and physical activities (especially walking) that the elderly participated in, and the influence on their Body Mass Index (BMI). The results show that, in addition to age and preference for high-calorie diet, whether there is convenient access to leisure and fitness places from where they live, and the corresponding distance in-between are significantly related to the BMI of the elderly. Particularly, the best distance range is less than 1,000 m, within which leisure and fitness places have significant impact on the BMI of the elderly and the influence shows distance decay. In the last section of this paper, according to the conclusion, proposals are put forward for the optimization of the built environment.

Keywords:built environment; Body Mass Index (BMI); the elderly; healthy city


A Study on Rural Social Network and Village Planning Paradigm in China

Author:Wang Xu, Huang Yaping, Roger C. K. Chan, He Xuefeng

Abstract:Current village planning in China, which mostly draws on the experience from urban planning, is a rational planning model based on elite decision-making, resulting in many problems. Essentially, planning is a kind of institutional arrangement according to the demands of multiple actors under certain social context. Since actors and their behaviors in villages are far different from those in cities, leading to the reorganization of planning assumptions and prerequisites, village planning paradigms are prominently distinct from urban planning paradigms. This paper figures out the significance of social networks and argues that village planning is a kind of communicative planning based on endogenous order, referring to the paradigm development course of Western urban planning theories and the features of Chinese villages. In conclusion, it stresses that village planning should focus on social network and promote communication, coordination, and consensus-building, and accordingly planners should adjust their role.

Keywords:social network; village planning; paradigm; communicative planning


The Role of Planning in National Innovative City Development: On the Evolution and Implementation Effect of Shenzhen Industry Layout Planning

Author:Zou Bing

Abstract:From the two perspectives of urban development and industrial development, this paper presents and explains the stage characteristics of the evolution process of Shenzhen to build a national innovative city, on which both the urban and the industrial policies produce remarkable influences. By analyzing three cases of industry layout planning of Shenzhen, in particular the evolution of planning thoughts and the implementation effect of the plans, this paper argues that an effective industry layout planning should focus on studying the spatial requirements of industries and creating the suitable physical environment for industrial development instead of directly arranging the layout of various industries. Moreover, the implementation of the latest planning policy in Shenzhen proves that the industry space policies issued by the local government should be problem-oriented and be aimed to solve the practical difficulties in the innovative development.

Keywords:innovative city; industry layout planning; industrial space policy; plan implementation; Shenzhen