China City Planning Review (No.2, 2020)

♦Sino-French Seminar of Meeting the New Challenges of Territorial and City Planning

Author：Shi Weiliang, Eric Huybrechts, Yin Zhi, Simon Teyssou, Zheng Xiaojin, Laurent Coudroy de Lille, Wu Tinghai, Olivier Chadoin

Translated and Edited by Li Min and Qian Fang / Proofread by Liang Sisi and Liu Jiayan

Introduction：Both China and France have a long history of urban and rural planning and governance, and lately the topics, such as urban and rural living quality, natural resources management, and natural and cultural heritage, have become the focuses of public policy that emphasizes improving people’s living conditions and promoting regional harmonious development. Moreover, the above topics have been regarded as the most important points in the bilateral cooperation agreements between China and France concerning sustainable urban development. On Oct. 13, 2019, the Sino-French Seminar on “Meeting the New Challenges of Territorial and City Planning” was jointly held by the Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University and the Cultural and Educational Cooperation Section, French Embassy – French Cultural Center in Beijing at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. About 20 experts from the political, academic, and professional fields of urban planning in China and France were invited to carry out discussion on four primary themes, which are “New Urban Planning Strategy,” “New Territorial and City Planning Policy,” “New Exploration in Urban Planning,” and “New Talents Cultivation Pattern.” As a medium support to the seminar, we collected some of the speeches and share them with readers in this issue.

♦Strategies of Planning Governance and Collaboration for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Author：Yao Jiangchun, Chi Baochun, Liu Zhongyi, He Donghua, Zeng Zheng

Translated by Li Caige / Proofread by Liu Jian

Abstract：The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is an important part of China’s national strategy in the new era. This paper reviews the process of cross-border planning collaboration in this area, from functional division to institutional coordination. However, this process is still constrained by problems such as having few platforms and channels of collaboration, too much reliance on the provincial government, limited measures of collaboration, and weak coordination on the issues concerning core interests. It argues that the orientation should be building an open collaboration framework with multi-party participation and the specific strategies should include establishing a multi-level and multi-party planning collaboration framework, promoting the planning integration of three metropolitan areas, co-building a unified international quality life circle, promoting the co-building and co-sharing of strategic areas, and exploring diversified measures of planning collaboration.

Keywords：Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; planning collaboration; planning governance; high quality life circle; strategic area

♦Research on the Development of “Greater Bay Area” from the Dual Perspectives of “Space of Places” and “Space of Flows”: A Case Study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Author：Zhang Yishuai, Zhao Min, Wang Qixuan, Cheng Yao

Translated by Liu Jinxin / Proofread by Tang Yan

Abstract：This paper makes a systematic analysis on the development characteristics and evolution process of the built-up areas, as well as the substructure of the network connectivity and the functional division, of core cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region from the dual perspectives of “space of places” and “space of flows.” It does so by using data of satellite remote sensing and industrial census to describe the spatial development trend and to establish an urban connectivity network based on the headquarter-branch data of enterprises. It also reveals the development differences within and outside of the Bay Area in Guangdong Province. The research shows that, firstly, since the new century, the integration of the Bay Area has become more obvious for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region, as it has developed in a highly-concentrated way around the Bay Area of the Pearl River Estuary. Secondly, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Macao exhibited a more obvious regional division of labor, and their

functions have been increasingly complementary to each other. Thirdly, a regional hub of “two sectors” – linking outside to the world city network and driving internal development of regional hinterland has been formed. Finally, based on the conclusion of the empirical research, development and planning implications of the Bay Area are discussed.

Keywords：Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; space of places; space of flows; planning implications

♦Retrospect and Prospect of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao’s Economic Relations Since Reform and Opening-up

Author：Ren Siru, Li Xun, Chen Tingting

Translated by Qian Fang / Proofread by Liang Sisi

Abstract：Nearly 40 years of reform and opening up witnesses the remarkable achievements of economic cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao. The economic relations among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao have evolved from a unitary pattern of “front shop and back factory” orienting at regional labor division at an earlier stage to a combination of multiple patterns including the “factory and shop combined” pattern. The regional scope has been expanded and the connotation of cooperation has been enriched. After entering into the 21st century, Hong Kong, who is experiencing its economic transformation, faces the challenges brought about by the thriving of service industry in Guangdong Province. The three areas have been fighting over the hinterland through infrastructures connection and optimization, in order to realize an expansion of economic development space that can break through the restriction of land resources. In addition, under the background of strategies of the “Belt & Road Initiative” and “internationalization of the RMB,” financial cooperation becomes the development emphasis at the third stage of economic cooperation among the three regions. When their economic relations change, the spatial pattern among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao gradually shifts from “concentrating on a small scale and dispersing on a large scale” toward “dispersing on a small scale and concentrating on a large scale.” Based on an analysis on the development direction of the economic relations among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao in the future, the paper points out that the regional cooperation will transit from disperse development to border breaking, the region will develop from a livable bay area to a world-level bay area, and the spatial pattern will develop from center-hinterland to hub-network, which ultimately realizes a spatial response to the transition of economic relations.

Keywords：Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao; economic relations; spatial pattern; bay area

♦Characteristics and Evolution Path of Metropolitan Area in Multi-Core and Strongly Connected Urban Agglomerations: Experience from the Pearl River Delta

Author：Ma Xiangming, Chen Changyong, Liu Pei, Ding Zhenqin, Li Jianxue, Luo Yikeng

Translated Liu Jinxin / Proofread by Liu Jiayan

Abstract：Metropolitan areas under different regional contexts show different development characteristics and evolution paths. Urban agglomeration of the Pearl River Delta is characterized by having multiple cores and strong connection, in which cities used to be “geographically connected before interactive with each other.” And during the functional interaction, three metropolitan areas emerged in different stages with different characteristics in the Pearl River Delta. By analyzing the urbanization process of the Pearl River Delta, it shows that the interaction among cities within the three metropolitan areas has obvious characteristics. In the early stage, it was featured by the industrial expansion benefiting from infrastructure integration. And then it was shifted to the co-construction and sharing of public services based on the demand of “people.” Now it is in a new stage of spatial reconstruction driven by agglomeration of service industries and innovation forces. Finally, the lessons learned from the Pearl River Delta are summarized from the aspects of transportation, mechanism, shared value, relationship, and topography.

Keywords：metropolitan area; strong connection; multi-core; Pearl River Delta

♦Global City Hypotheses and Social Polarization: Empirical Analysis of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou

Author：Li Zhifeng, Fang Ying, Xiao Yang

Translated by Li Caige / Proofread by Mao Qizhi

Abstract：Globalization can promote the flow of production factors across countries and regions. Developing “global cities” in China is conducive to enhancing China’s international competitiveness and participation in the world’s economic activities. Relevant theories reveal that globalization is of great significance to urban socio-spatial restructuring, and the social polarization or professionalization issues brought by “global cities” have been controversial. Based on the data from the statistical yearbooks of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, this study tries to test the global city hypothesis through the analysis on these three “global cities” in China. The study finds that Beijing and Shanghai have shown certain social polarization characteristics in the process of social differentiation, while Guangzhou has not. The results can provide scientific support for the formulation of urban management and household registration policies in China.

Keywords：globalization; social polarization; global city hypothesis; Beijing; Shanghai; Guangzhou

♦Theoretical Model on Factors Influencing Street Physical Activity from a Social Ecological Perspective 

Author：Dai Donghui, Sun Yu, Wang Yaowu

Translated by Li Min / Proofread by Tang Yan

Abstract：Insufficient physical activity has become a significant issue of global health. To optimize the environment of streets, an important kind of public space in cities, is an effective way to push residents to engage in daily physical activities. Due to the complexity of behaviors, identifying the relevant influencing factors and their relationship, as well as building a comprehensive research framework are key to making environmental development strategies. Therefore, from a social ecological perspective, this paper analyzes the basic logic of these influencing factors at various levels and summarizes their specific content. According to the rational interpretation on behavioral decision-making based on the theory of health behavior, the paper builds a multi-dimensional model on factors influencing physical activity from theoretical and cognitive perspectives. By exploring the model’s structural relationship, it concludes that strategies considering street physical factors are conductive to physical activity interventions from multiple dimensions. As theoretical deduction needs to be continuously verified and optimized in empirical studies, it proposes suggestions for the next stage of research on data support of quantitative analysis.

Keywords：street; physical activity; social ecological model; theory of health behavior; influencing factors