City Planning Review（2020.3）

♦ Initiative of the Urban Planning Society of China

Author: Urban Planning Society of China

♦ E-Garden City: Reconstruction of Urbanization Theory in the Mobile Internet Era

Author: LUO Zhendong

ABSTRACT: The scale paradox of Garden City to realize both the scale effect of agglomeration and the environment effect of decentralization cannot be broken before the information era. Urbanization in the mobile internet era can make the Garden City ideal come true, because the virtual agglomeration caused by space of flows does not necessarily cause the increase in the density and intensity of built-up areas when it creates more economic development and employment opportunities. The E-Garden City constituted by the country in flows and the low[1]density town in flows possesses a strong endogenous power, and can connect the industrial division system in a wider range and provide enough jobs and a more livable environment. The emergence of E-Garden City indicates the change of urbanization definition. Urbanization in the mobile internet era is not only a process of expansion and vanishing of space of flows, but also a process in which the elites change social and spatial relations to push forward the urbanization of people.

KEYWORDS: mobile internet; Garden City; space of flows; urbanization; agglomeration

♦ Construction of a Multi-Scale Spatial Epidemic Prevention System in High-Density Cities

Author: YANG Junyan; SHI Beixiang; SHI Yi; LI Yonghui

ABSTRACT: Since the birth of cities, the fight against diseases and disasters has always been one of the main driving forces for the improvement of urban planning and construction. Particularly, in the context of high-frequency interaction of population, information, economy, and other aspects of the contemporary society, high-density cities have become an important factor influencing the rapid spread of diseases. This paper analyzes the characteristics of global epidemic spread in high density cities in the new century, as well as the problems of urban planning and construction in the urban epidemic prevention in China. Accordingly, the paper proposes to build a multi-scale spatial epidemic prevention system at city, community, and building levels, and establishes a comprehensive big data intelligent platform to monitor, trace, and warn the outbreak and spread of diseases.

KEYWORDS: novel coronavirus; urban planning and construction; intelligence; multi-scale space; epidemic prevention system

♦ Construction System and Strategy of “Safety and Health Unit” in Urban and Rural Areas: Based on a Response Mechanism of “Prevention-Adaption-Utilization” for Coping with Plagues and Disasters

Author: QIAN Zhenlan; WANG Zhu; QIU Zhi; WANG Zhuoyao; ZHENG Yuan

ABSTRACT: “Small probability–big loss” is the main characteristic of plague and other disaster outbreaks. Aimed at this, this paper establishes a response mechanism of “prevention-adaption[1]utilization” to cope with the outbreaks. It proposes the conception of “safety and health unit” by exploring its connotations, objectives, operation and maintenance mechanisms, and its relationship with the existing urban and rural spaces. It also specifies the main components, construction strategies, and key technologies of the “safety and health unit”, in the hope of providing new thoughts and measures for the construction of better human settlements.

KEYWORDS: plague; disaster; response mechanism of prevention-adaption-utilization; safety and health unit; construction system; coping strategy

♦ IMPLEMENTING THE OUTLINE FOR BUILDING A LEADING TRANSPORTATION NATION TO PROMOTE HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION

Author: WANG Guangtao; WANG Ting

ABSTRACT: The integration of innovation-driven urban development and the Outline for Building a Leading Transportation Nation lays a foundation for high-quality development of urban transportation. This paper, first of all, summarizes key concepts and their relations specified in the Outline, proposing that urban transportation, which is a significant element for increasing urban and national competitiveness, is essentially in meeting people’s demand and facilitating sustainable operations of cities and that urban transportation problems result from engineering technology and social problems. Then, by presenting requirements on urban and urban transport development in the new era, the paper argues that urban transportation research needs to change its focus from built-up areas to metropolitan areas and urban agglomeration, from traffic flows and transport facilities to transportation services and integrated transport networks, and from congestion alleviation to sustainable operations of cities, laying stress on the role of information technology in restructuring urban transportation systems. In addition, it presents three key areas with regards to high-quality development of urban transportation: basic urban transportation theory (urban transportation science), sustainable development of public transportation, and modernized governance of urban transportation.

KEYWORDS: a leading transportation nation; urban transportation; urban society; urban transportation science; urban transportation governance

♦ JOINT EDUCATION PROMOTES THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING DISCIPLINE

Author: WU Weijia; LENG Hong; Ren Yunying; WANG Chenghui; ZHANG He; LI Heping; WANG Zhiyong; YANG Xiaochun; WANG Chengfang; WU Fengwen; GENG Huizhi; WANG Fuhai; GENG Hongbing; ZHU Ziyu; SHI nan

♦ INSTITUTIONAL PATH FOR URBAN LANDSCAPE CONTROL

Author: LÜ Bin; CHEN Tian; KUANG Xiaoming; LÜ Xiaoning; SHI Huaiyu; PENG Yaoling; HUANG Wenliu; ZHANG Weihua; WU Xiaolei

♦ MORE EFFECTIVE CITY EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT

Author: SHI Xiaodong; YANG Ming; JIN Zhongmin; HUANG Huiming; LUO Jiangfan; LUO Xiaolong; ZHANG Wenzhong; DENG Hongdi; YANG Jun; SUN Anjun

♦ PRACTICAL VILLAGE PLANNING BASED ON MULTI-PLAN INTEGRATION

Author: ZHANG Jingxiang; ZHANG Shangwu; DUAN Degang; CHEN Qianhu; MA Xiangming; SHI Huaiyu; ZHAO Wei; L Hai; ZHAO Yi

♦ ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE ANCIENT URBAN CANAL SYSTEM IN GANZHOU TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPONGE CITY

Author: WU Qingzhou; LI Yan; WU Yunjiang; YU Changhong; LIU Xiaogang

ABSTRACT: Located at the confluence of Zhangjiang River and Gongjiang River, the ancient city of Ganzhou is surrounded by water on three sides and a moat on its southern side. With the natural river served as the moat and the landform in the shape of the turtle shell, Ganzhou built an urban water storage and drainage system consisting of Zhangjiang River and Gongjiang River encircling the city, a moat, the Fushou Ditch, and ponds, by fully taking advantage of the physical features. This system, as a representative traditional mode of urban flood control in ancient China, is consistent with the current idea of “sponge city” advocated by the state. There are many similarities between the two. For instance, the construction of sponge city focuses on building a system consisting of “a source control system, a conventional rainwater drainage system, and an ultra-conventional rainwater drainage system”, which encourages “complementation between gray and green facilities” and “combination of rainwater storage and drainage”. In summary, it is of great significance for the construction of sponge city to understand the construction wisdom of the ancient urban canal system and summarize the methods that are worth learning.

KEYWORDS: sponge city; ancient urban canal system; Ganzhou; Fushou Ditch; pond

♦ ENVIRONMENTAL PREVENTION FUNCTION OF WATER GAP SPACE OF HUIZHOU ANCIENT VILLAGES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT ON SECURITY

Author: WANG Yi

Abstract: Water gap space is an important part of the system of Huizhou ancient villages. This paper starts from the concepts of water gap and water gap space, and summarizes the environmental prevention function of the water gap space in Huizhou ancient villages from the perspectives of criminology and environmental psychology and based on the analysis of relationships between spatial location and crime distance, spatial hierarchy and spatial damping, regional space and situation control, spatial form and hidden target, and environmental impression and environmental load. On this basis, the paper puts forward the enlightenment on the security of public space creation in contemporary residential areas.

Keywords: ancient villages; water gap; space making; crime prevention; security

♦ EVALUATION ON URBAN DESIGN PLAN BASED ON SPACE-TIME BEHAVIORAL ADAPTABILITY: A CASE STUDY ON THE OVERALL URBAN DESIGN OF HUAIROU SCIENCE CITY

Author: WENG Yang

ABSTRACT: With the rising of space-time behavior research and the maturity of digital technology in planning, spatial design in the name of humanism can re-understand and realize the behavioral needs in the complicated relationship rather than stay at stereotypical response to ambiguous and general needs, which provides an opportunity for the exploration of the fine coupling between human activities and urban environment. In this background, this paper conducts an evaluation on the overall urban design plan of Huairou Science City based on the users’ space-time behavioral adaptability, which includes establishing the evaluation standards, constructing the digital analysis tool, working out the evaluation framework, and conducting the evaluation on the related elements from the plan. Results show that the plan adapts to parts of the users’ behaviors, while fails to adapt to the travel behavior at noon and at night. Suggestions should be proposed to optimize the layout of the relevant facilities.

KEYWORDS: space-time behavior; adaptability evaluation; overall urban design; Huairou Science City; layout relationship

♦ CONFLICTS OR COLLABORATION: THE PATH OF DELIMITING URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARIES BASED ON ECOLOGICAL GAME MECHANISM

Author: MA Qiwei

ABSTRACT: In the background of aggravated natural resource restrictions, people have reached a consensus on the necessity of delimiting urban growth boundaries (UGBs) from the ecological perspective. However, previous studies have less considered the complexity of ecological mechanisms used for UGBs delimitation, that is, the same land carries a variety of ecological functions, and there may be mutually beneficial or mutually reinforcing functions among them. In this regard, in order to coordinate the balanced benefits of protection and use of various ecosystem services (ESs), the ESs[1]CCA (ESs-constrained cellular automata) technical path is proposed: through the assessment of ESs values and the statistical analysis of coordination and trade-off mechanism, a better ecological game scenario and its constraints are constructed, which is then input to CCA for spatial dynamic simulation. The example of Hangzhou proves that the established UGBs by the mode of collaboration can precisely avoid the high ecological value joint area, rationally release the non-conflict low ESs cost

area, and scientifically configurate the value supply of natural resource quantity and the mechanism classification of ecosystem quality. The findings and conclusions can provide technical and decision[1]making supports for the construction of ecological civilization and national land use planning.

KEYWORDS: ecosystem services (ESs); urban growth boundaries (UGBs); coordination and trade[1]off; game; Hangzhou

♦ FORMATION OF CONSENSUS ON PUBLIC INTERESTS: REFLECTIONS ON PUBLIC CONSULTATION OF NEW DISTRICT MASTER PLAN, MACAO

Author: AN Xiaojiao; ZHANG Zhongguo; GENG Hongbing

ABSTRACT: The goal of urban planning as a public policy lies in the realization of public interest. However, in the process of planning-making, due to characteristics such as the uncertainty of the scope of public interest, the variability of time and place, the diversity of subject of rights, etc., who should stand for the public interest especially when different interests conflict, and how would the consensus of public interest be formed? To answer the above questions, there is an urgent need to discuss and strive for consensus in the field of urban planning. The article takes the case of the relocation of the Macao Outer Harbor Ferry Terminal in the Macao New Districts Master Plan, describes in detail the process of reaching consensus of public interest under the governance structure of the Macao administrative region, and considers the behavior logic of the all parties involved and their impact on the final planning results. The article proposes to attach more importance to the process of planning-making, to be more open and inclusive in value orientation, way of thinking, and benefit sharing to involve more stakeholders in the plan formulation process, to maximize consensus, so that the planning can effectively play its comprehensive role as a public policy. Also, the article puts forward suggestions from the perspective of public interest on transformation of urban planning concept, the process of planning-making, the expression of planning results, etc.

KEYSWORDS: public interest; public consultation; consensus; role; planning reform

♦ Learning from the Past to Know About the Future: Reflections on “A Life Without Regrets – Geography and Planning Studies” by Mr. HU Xuwei

Author: ZHOU Yixing