City Planning Review（2023.12）

♦URBAN DESIGN METHODS BASED ON SPACE GENE INHERITANCE: A CASE STUDY OF WATER-TOWN PUBLIC CENTER IN THE DEMONSTRATION ZONE FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA REGION

Author: JI Song; DUAN Jin; XUE Song; LI Liang; GONG Zuocheng

ABSTRACT: In the new era of urban-rural transformation and development, ecological environment protection and historical and cultural inheritance have received increasing attention. From the perspective of space gene, urban design, by focusing on the regional composite pattern and mechanism of spatial elements such as ecology, agriculture, and built-up environment, is able to protect and inherit the regional culture, environment, and landscape more effectively through morphological organization and place-making. Taking the Water-Town Public Center (“shuixiang keting” in Chinese pinyin) in the Demonstration Zone for Integrated Ecological and Green Development of the Yangtze River Delta Region as an example, this paper identifies and extracts the space genes of water-towns in the regions south of the Yangtze River and carries out inheritance and design from the perspectives of ecological background, settlement pattern, settlement texture, and architectural style, based on which urban design technical methods in the new era are explored. 

KEYWORDS: urban design; space gene; inheritance; technical method; Water-Town Public Center (shuixiang keting) 

♦THE DUALITY OF THE CAPITALIZATION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES ON THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE INTERNET ERA

Author: DAI Zhimei; HUA Chen

ABSTRACT: From the perspective of the capitalization of rural cultural resources, this paper studies the formation mechanism and model evolution of internet-famous villages, a new rural development product in the internet era, and its positive and negative effects on the healthy rural development. The paper establishes a hierarchical logical framework for the capitalization of cultural resources in internet-famous villages, including capitalization of rural cultural resources based on market and planning, virtual space for shaping and disseminating rural symbols, physical space for image shaping of rural virtual space, and a new type of multi-participant relationship. It is found that the evolution of urban consumer demand has become the direction for the capitalization of rural cultural resources, during which a strong feature of consumer subjectivity is presented. Therefore, this paper proposes a development approach based on the subjectivity of villages and villagers, so as to promote the positive effect of capitalization of cultural resources on rural development, and further achieve the balanced and healthy relationship among various capitals in the village. 

KEYWORDS: village; cultural resources; capitalization; healthy rural development; internet-famous village

♦AGGLOMERATION CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF URBAN INNOVATION SPACE: A CASE STUDY OF NANJING MAIN CITY

Author: GUAN Manling; SUN Shijie

ABSTRACT: This paper develops a framework of urban innovation space from a broad perspective, and proposes that the innovation space pattern of Nanjing main city shows a trend of center-periphery multi-core synergistic development, and the three types of innovation spaces present a triangular structure relationship. Through a multi-scale geographically weighted regression analysis, it is found that: (1) in terms of intensity of action, innovation policies, the layout of top 100 high-tech enterprises, cultural facilities, and catering services significantly influence the agglomeration of innovation space in Nanjing main city; while the level of economic development, the output of high-tech enterprises, research investment, and leisure communication are the second most significant factors. (2) There are spatial differences in the dominant factors of innovation space agglomeration in different areas of Nanjing main city (old city, main city, and industrial park). In the end, the paper proposes that the dominant influencing factors of different areas should be considered according to local conditions, innovation policies suitable for local development should be formulated, diversified land supply modes should be adopted, and appropriate government decentralization should be emphasized to give full play to market impetus to support the development of innovation activities. 

KEYWORDS: innovation space; agglomeration characteristics; influencing factors; Nanjing main city; multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR)

♦THE UNIVERSAL ORDER AND PATTERN OF CITY STATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EARLY CHINESE AND WESTERN PLANNING IDEAS IN RITES OF ZHOU AND ARISTOTLE’S POLITICS

Author: GUO Lu

ABSTRACT: The Rites of Zhou and Aristotle’s Politics – classical academic works in the late Axial Age – are important sources of Chinese and Western planning traditions. A comparative study of their planning ideas is of great academic significance. Using the historical comparative method, this paper compares the factors, including the spatial scale of planning, the logic of regional land division, and the pattern of urban layout, to reveal the similarities and differences between the two and analyze the internal reasons. It argues that the similarities are owing to the fact that as a living practice, planning must first meet the basic needs of human settlements, while the differences are rooted to some extent in the divergence between the two political ideals. The Rites of Zhou aims at the unification of the country, while the Politics aspires to the autonomy of city states. Based on a comparison of planning ideas, the paper discusses the qualities of ancient Chinese planning as an instrument of large-scale social governance and the differences between Chinese and Greek civilizations from a planning perspective. 

KEYWORDS: Rites of Zhou; Aristotle’s Politics; planning ideas; comparative study

♦HU-HAN HYBRIDITY OR ETHNIC INTEGRATION：ON THE CAPITAL PLANNING OF PINGCHENG IN THE EARLY NORTHERN WEI DYNASTY

Author: GAO Yuan

ABSTRACT: Pingcheng in the Northern Wei Dynasty was the first cultural product of the northern nomadic Tuoba Family entering the Central Plains to establish political power. Due to the heterogeneity of the early ethnic culture and the geographically transitional location of Pingcheng, the planning and construction of Pingcheng in the early founding period was in an exploratory stage. It needed not only to inherit the capital planning philosophy in the Central Plains since the Qin and Han dynasties to “imitate the system of Yecheng, Luocheng, and Chang’an” to show its orthodoxy, but also to retain its own ethnic characteristics and customs, thus showing a spatial representation of “Hu-Han hybridity”. However, when looking back upon the historical process of the establishment of political power, cultural system, and economic production mode at the beginning of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it can be found that the spatial form and planning thought of Pingcheng are the spatial projection of the establishment of the state and system of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is not a simple mixture of Hu and Han people, but a product of ethnic integration. Ethnic integration had brought about innovation in the utilization of natural landscape, the organization of ritual space, the social governance, etc. The early spatial form of Pingcheng showed the characteristics of transition from nomadic to agricultural culture and capital evolution from the Han to the Tang dynasties. It played an important role in laying a foundation for the spatial form of the later period of Pingcheng during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen and for the planning of Luoyang after the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty was moved to Luoyang, which then influenced Chang’an in the Sui and Tang dynasties and the capital of later generations. Therefore, the study on the capital form of Pingcheng in the early Northern Wei Dynasty has important academic values for explaining the space-culture coupling mechanism, revealing the construction of civilization in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and interpreting the evolutionary process of ancient capitals. 

KEYWORDS: the early Northern Wei Dynasty; Pingcheng; planning history; ethnic integration; ancient capital

♦INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY ENABLES EQUITABLE SPATIAL GOVERNANCE

Author: L Bin; Anthony G. O. YEH; CHEN Jun; ZHOU Suhong; ZHU Jieming; TIAN Li; SHI Xiaodong; MA Xiangming; LI Zhigang; DUAN Jin

♦PEOPLE-CENTERED NEW URBANIZATION

Author: ZHENG Xiaojin; YIN Zhi; HE Yanling; LU Qingqiang; CHEN Mingxing; ZHANG Weiwen; LUO Xiaolong; GAO Xiaolu; YE Yumin

♦HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PROTECTION AND INHERITANCE IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN 

Author: HUO Xiaowei; NING Zhizhong; KANG Ziqiang; XIANG Bingjun; LUO Deyin; LI Yurui

♦FISCAL ISSUES IN CHINA’S URBAN PLANNING

Author: WANG Shifu; LIU Zhi; ZHANG Qin; ZHAO Zhirong; HE Yang; YANG Jiawen; YAN Yan; TANG Jingxian; LIU Wei; LI Xinjian

♦DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF REGULATORY PLANNING

Author: WANG Fuhai; ZHOU Jianyun; ZHOU Jin; LIU Qizhi; YE Bin; HE Mingjun; L Chuanting; HE Zizhang

♦THEORETICAL MODEL OF INTELLIGENT HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND ITS APPLICATION: A PERSPECTIVE OF COMPLEX SYSTEM

Author: TIAN Li; YU Jianghao; YANG Tao

ABSTRACT: Human settlement is a typical complex system, characterized by dynamic, open and uncertain attributes. With the development of information and communication technology (ICT), intelligent tools have largely facilitated the system optimization of human settlements. Given the current trends of “scientism” Which holds that ICT can replace human brains and “empiricism” which ignores the significance of ICT tools in space planning, this paper establishes the framework of “iceberg model” of intelligent human settlements that combines systems science with system philosophy. First, the origin of complexity, the progress of complex science research and its application in various disciplinary fields are reviewed in this paper, and the complex system of intelligent human settlements is analyzed. On this basis, the logic of intelligent 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 versions in the iceberg model of intelligent human settlements is discussed, its application in spatial planning and governance system is explored, and the characteristics and paths of the application of intelligent technology in the planning and governance of human settlements are analyzed. 

KEYWORDS: complex system; intelligent human settlements; iceberg model; territorial planning

♦THEORY OF INTELLIGENT HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND TECHNICAL PLANNING PRINCIPLES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF URBAN SYSTEM

Author: LAI Yuan; ZHENG Xiaojin; XIA Jingyi

ABSTRACT: Since the 1950s, scholars from multidisciplinary background have carried out extensive theoretical research and technical exploration in the field systems science. As a representative of complex open giant system, urban system has gained research interests from various disciplines, including urban and rural planning, management, engineering, geography, informatics, and computer science. With urban development and technological progress, a series of planning concepts, technical solutions, and practical cases focusing on intelligent human settlements have emerged in response to urban system. However, due to a lack of theoretical guidance, there are challenges posed by information explosion, data barriers, chaotic development, and absence of ethics. In this regard, this paper articulates the origin and evolution of concepts such as digital city, smart city, and intelligent city, and provides a theoretical framework for intelligent human settlements from three aspects: complex system, socio-technical system, and information system. Given the uniqueness of contemporary urban system, this paper further explains the significant importance of technical planning in addressing complex system issues, and identifies three fundamental principles, including multi-system sustainability, people-oriented, and information integrity, aiming to guide the future development of intelligent human settlements. 

KEYWORDS: human settlements; intelligent human settlements; urban system

♦THE MAN-LAND SYSTEM EVOLUTION MECHANISM AND CONSTRUCTION STRATEGY OF ISLAND “AO”: BASED ON THE STUDY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN ZHOUSHAN ISLANDS

Author: GUO Rui; WANG Zhu; QIAN Zhenlan; WANG Ke; ZHOU Congyue

ABSTRACT: From the cognition of “Ao” – a basic unit of the island man-land system and using the research method of historical geography, this paper reveals the “demand-landform” coupling driving mechanism of the island man-land relationship evolution through analyzing the changing spatial pattern in the historical context of island “Ao”, so as to clarify the construction logic of island human settlements. In addition, taking the man-land relationship represented by “Ao” as the core, it identifies the practical needs for the marine industry refinement, adaptation to dramatic structural changes of society and space and disaster risk reduction in the settlements construction. Then, it proposes strategies, such as multi-“Ao” integration, resource excavation, facility revitalization, texture control, prototype adjustment and coastal remodeling based on the integration and optimization of landform resources. The purpose is to provide corresponding theoretical and technical support for promoting the quality of human settlements in island areas. 

KEYWORDS: man-land system; island “Ao”; evolution mechanism; island human settlements; construction strategy

♦CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND RELATED MITIGATION STRATEGIES UNDER THE LOCAL CLIMATE ZONE FRAMEWORK: A CASE STUDY OF CHENZHOU

Author: CHEN Yaping; ZHENG Bohong; XIE Yanghui; ZENG Xiangping

ABSTRACT: Local climate zone (LCZ) provides a standard framework for the classification of urban morphology, which plays an important role in clarifying the relationship between local climate and physical surface structure and improving interdisciplinary information communication. Taking Chenzhou as an example, this paper maps out the LCZs by calculating, superposing, and aggregating the eight LCZ indicators. It further analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of land surface temperature (LST) and surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity of different LCZ types, as well as the relationship between LCZ indicators and average SUHI intensity during the hot summer months. Accordingly, the paper proposes the planning strategies for SUHI mitigation from three aspects: the key control units of SUHI, the key control types of LCZ, and the LCZ indicators. The results show that: in a grid of 200 m×200 m, the compact middle-rise buildings (LCZ-2) and the compact low-rise buildings (LCZ-3) are the predominant types in the core urban area of Chenzhen, while the open middle-rise buildings (LCZ-5) and the open low-rise buildings (LCZ-6) are distributed on the periphery of the core urban area, and the number of compact high-rise buildings (LCZ-1) and open high-rise buildings (LCZ-4) are relatively small. Furthermore, the average LST of the built LCZs is much higher than that of the natural LCZs, with compact LCZ- 1-3 and industrial LCZ-8B showing high LST and SUHI intensity from June to September. Large ecological cold sources are concentrated in scenic areas (LCZ-A), while several small cold sources are formed by the natural LCZs (LCZ-B-D and LCZ-G) in the built-up areas. Indicators, such as impervious surface ratio, vegetation coverage, and sky view factor, have a high correlation with the average SUHI intensity. The LCZ map can help identify the key areas which need SUHI mitigation and provide important reference for the formulation of urban planning strategies related to urban climate optimization. 

KEYWORDS: urban planning; local climate zone (LCZ); land surface temperature (LST); surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity; Chenzhou